CHOOSING THE APPROPRIATE

RESEARCH DESIGN
A group presentation

GROUP 1 | 2nd PRESENTER HUMSS 12- SOCRATES

 INTRODUCTION
Conducting a research study requires a specific design in order
to gather the necessary data and to have the guide for us,
researchers to successfully conduct the specific study and field
that we want to pursue. In this discussion, we will again be
discussing the different research designs but this time, we will
help you choose the research design that is appropriate and suits
your study.

Presentation by: Jann Rubin Sarco | Group 1 | HUMSS Socrates

 OVERVIEW

• Descriptive Research
• Correlational Research
• Ex Post Facto Research
• Quasi-Experimental Research
• Experimental Research

Presentation by: Jann Rubin Sarco | Group 1 | HUMSS Socrates

 DESCRIPTIVE
RESEARCH
When little is known about the research problem, then it is
appropriate to use descriptive research design. It is a design that is
exploratory in nature.
The purpose of descriptive research is basically to answer questions
such is who, what, where, when, and how much. So this design is
best used when the main objective of the study is just to observe
and report a certain phenomenon as it is happening.

Presentation by Aj Noblezada and Frince Alex Nogas | Group 1 | HUMSS Socrates

 EXAMPLE
When you want to explore about the effects of
peer-pressure to the academic performance of
students, you may use the Descriptive Research
Design if you are only to observe and describe about
the effects of peer-pressure to the academic
performance of students.

Presentation by Aj Noblezada and Frince Alex Nogas | Group 1 | HUMSS Socrates

 CORRELATIONAL
RESEARCH
The main goal of this design is to determine if variable increases or decreases
as another variable increases or decreases. This design seeks to establish an
association between variables. It does not seek cause and effect relationship
like descriptive research; it measures variables as it occurs. It has two major
purposes: (a) to clarify the relationship between variables and (b) predict the
magnitude of the association. However, the extent of the purpose of
correlational research depends on the scope and delomitation of the study and
its correlation or relationship has 3 types.

Presentation by Kristine Joy Alfaras and Rena Marcon | Group 1 | HUMSS Socrates
 CORRELATIONAL
RESEARCH
This design seeks to establish an association between variables.

Correlational design does not seek cause and effect relationship

like descriptive research; it measures variables as it occurs. It is
looking for variables that has a connection and interacts with
each other.

Presentation by Kristine Joy Alfaras and Rena Marcon | Group 1 | HUMSS Socrates
 TYPES OF CORRELATIONS
POSITIVE CORRELATION
-indicates that there is a positive relationship between the two variables.
》》 as one variable increases, the other variable also increases
NEGATIVE CORRELATION
-shows negative relationship between the two variables.
》》 as one variable increases, the other variable decreases
ZERO CORRELATION
- there is no relationship between the two variables
A change in one variable does not lead to any changes in the other variable.

Presentation by Kristine Joy Alfaras and Rena Marcon | Group 1 | HUMSS Socrates
 EXAMPLE
When you want to identify if there is a significant
relationship or if there is relevance between the two
variables (ex. Financial status and healthy wellness), a
correlational study is the right research design to pursue
as it identify whether the two variables are connected to
each other and also determining if they are directly or
indirectly proportional to each other.

Presentation by Kristine Joy Alfaras and Rena Marcon | Group 1 | HUMSS Socrates
 EX POST FACTO
RESEARCH
If the objective of the study is to measure a cause from a
pre-existing effects, then Ex Post Facto research design
is more appropriate to use. In this design, the researcher
has no control over the variables in the research study.
Thus, one cannot conclude that the changes measured
happen during the actual conduct of the study.

Presentation by Pearl Jade Yales and Loren Semeña | Group 1 | HUMSS Socrates
 EX POST FACTO
RESEARCH

Used to investigate a possible relationship between

previous events and present conditions. The term “Ex
post facto”, means after the fact, looks at the possible
causes of an already occurring phenomenon.

Presentation by Pearl Jade Yales and Loren Semeña | Group 1 | HUMSS Socrates
 EXAMPLE
If the researcher wishes to identify the relationship
between the current economic status of the Philippines
(current condition) and the governance in the Philippines,
year 2010 (the previous events), the Ex Post Facto
Research is suitable for you. It determines the relationship
between the "past variable" and the "present variable"
which the research has no control with.

Presentation by Pearl Jade Yales and Loren Semeña | Group 1 | HUMSS Socrates
 QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL
RESEARCH
The term means partly, partially, or almost – pronounced as kwahz-eye.
This research design aims to measure the causal relationship between
variables. The effect measured is considered to have occurred during
the conduct of the current study. The partiality of quasi-experimental
design comes from assigning subjects, participants, or respondents into
their groups. The groups are known to be already established before the
study, such as age educational background and nationality. Since the
assignment of subjects, participants, respondents are not randomly
assigned into an experimental or control groups, the conclusion of
results is limited.

Presentation by John Lloyd Villaram, Aldrich Esquivel and Sofia Mae Ga| Group 1 | HUMSS Socrates
 EXAMPLE
Supposedly, a hospital introduces a new order-entry system and
wishes to study the impact of this intervention on the number of
medication-related adverse events before and after the
intervention. With this, the Quasi-Experimental Research is
applicable since it will measure the effect of medication-related
adverse events during the intervention being implemented. It is
also applicable because the proposed study will have both of the
controlled and uncontrolled group which is essential in their
intervention that they want to apply.

Presentation by John Lloyd Villaram, Aldrich Esquivel and Sofia Mae Ga | Group 1 | HUMSS Socrates
 EXPERIMENTAL
RESEARCH
This research design is based on the scientific method called experiment
with a procedure of gathering data under a controlled or manipulatd
environment. It is also known as true experimental design since it
applies treatment and manipulation more extensively compared to
quasi-experimental design. Random assignment of subjects or
participants into treatment and control group is done increasing the
validity of the study. Experimental research, therefore, attempts to affect
a certain variable by directly manipulating the independent variable.

Presentation by Jann Rubin Sarco and Allen Owen Lucero | Group 1 | HUMSS Socrates
 EXAMPLE
When a researcher randomly selects all of the schools participating
in the hand washing poster campaign. The schools would then
randomly be assigned to either the poster-group or the control
group, which would receive no posters in their bathroom. This is an
example of Experimental Research wherein it contains the control
and uncontrolled group which is similar to the previous design. The
only thing that makes this design different is the random
assignment of subjects which was present in the example.

Presentation by Jann Rubin Sarco and Allen Owen Lucero | Group 1 | HUMSS Socrates
 CONCLUSION

Those research designs focuses on a specific type of study. Therefore,

there is a need to identify which of the research designs is suitable and
appropriate for your research study. We must be able to know the
differences of each research designs and we must also know their
strengths and capacities. With these, we will be able to produce a study
that is factual, relevant and structurally correct.
 THANK YOU
A presentation by Group 1

Choosing the appropriate research design | 2nd Presenter HUMSS Socrates