Question No 04:-

A weir is used to measure flow rate Q in canal. The flow rate varies with gravitational
acceleration g, weir width b perpendicular to the paper , the upstream weir head above the
weir crest is H . It is known that Q is proportional to b. Use then Buckingham Pi theorem to
find a relationship of Q = (H , b, g ).

Quantity Dimensional Form

Q = ƒ (H , b, g )
Q = Flow rate L3T-1

H = Distance between head and weir crest L

b = Weir width L

g = Gravitational Acceleration LT-2

Variables (n) = 4
Reference Dimensions (m) = 2
Number of “π” = (n-m) = (4-2) = 2
 Selected H and g as repeating variables,
 π = Hx2 g y2 (b)
π1 = Hx1 g y1 (Q) 2

[L] x1 [LT-2] y1 [L3T-1] = M0L0T0 [L] x2 [LT-2] y2 [L] = M0L0T0

X1 + Y1 + 3 = 0 X2 + Y2 +1=0
-2Y1 - 1 = 0 -2Y2 =0
 
X1 = -5/2 , Y1 = -1/2  
X2 = -1, Y2 = 0
π1 =
π2 =

 
 

= ƒ { }

But ‘b’ is proportional to the ‘Q’.

Therefore,

= C*( ) ; Where ‘C’ is a constant.

  = C
Answer :- = C