Basic Electrical

Components and Symbols

Two types of electrical signals, Alternating Current
(AC), and Direct Current With DC, electricity flows in one direction
between power and ground. In this arrangement
there is always a positibe source of voltage
Switches 120 times a second in US
Circuits
The Flow of electricity.

Red is usually positive

Byproduct of circuit is heat

Resistors
Resisors add resistance to the circuit and reduces the flow of electrical current. It
is represented in a circuit diagram as a pointy squiggle with a value next to it.

Measured in Ohms (Ω)

Capacitor
A capacitor is a component that stores electricity and then discharges it into the
circuit when there is a drop in electricity.

You can think of it as a water storage tank that releases water when there is a
drought downstream to ensure a steady stream.
Diodes
Diodes are components which are polarized.

They only allow electrical current to pass through them in one direction.

This is useful in that it can be placed in a circuit to prevent electricity from flowing
in the wrong direction.
Fuse
Fuses protect a circuit from overheating and damaging the circuit and/or
components.

From pulling too much current. Inversely proportional to voltage.

LED
The longer leg on the LED is called an anode (+ side), it will connect to power. The
shorter leg is a cathode (- side) and will connect to ground. When voltage is
applied in the proper direction, the LED emits light.

LED stands for Light Emitting Diode.

Transistor
A transistor takes in a small electrical current at its base pin and amplifies it such
that a much larger current can pass between its collector and emitter pins.
Integrated Circuits
An integrated circuit is an entire specialized circuit that has been miniaturized and
fit onto one small chip with each leg of the chip connecting to a point within the
circuit.
Potentiometer
Potentiometer are variable resistors. They have a knob or slider that you turn or
push to change resistance in a circuit.
Switches
A switch is basically a mechanical device that created a break in a circuit.
Batteries
A battery is a container which converts chemical energy into electricity.
Oversimplified, it “stores electricity”
Wire
Wires are measured in size by gauge. Smaller the gauge the larger the wire.
Breadboards
Breadboard are special boards for prototyping electronics. They are covered with
a grid of holes which are split into electrically continuous rows.
Series Circuit
Parallel Circuit
Go to tinkercad- login in with your google account
Take the lesson on Parallel and series circuit

https://www.tinkercad.com/things/1kuhiPMzT6w-series-and-parallel-circuits/editel
?lessonid=ES1842QJ2UPM2OT&projectid=O2OZ3UNJ3OPN41A&collectionid=O
2OZ3UNJ3OPN41A#/lesson-viewer
Then make this 2 circuits with breadboard
Circuit 1: