Naming and Formula Writing of

Ionic Compounds
Ms. Ma. Norma Datu Renomeron, MAED
Chemistry Teacher
“
Salvation is found in no one else, for there is no other name under heaven given to
mankind by which we must be saved.” – ACTS
4:12
How important is your name
and why?
What to do? Give the name!!
1. K+ 2. 2 3. MgCl2
CO

2-
4. Br- 5. Al2O3 6. O
For each element on, predict the charge of
its most common ion using the periodic
table
.
 Periodic Table

Transition metals

Lanthanide Series

Actinide Series
 Remember that the charge of an ion can be
determined by its place on the Periodic
Table.
+1 +4 0
or
+2 +3 -4 -3 -2 -1

Look for the Roman

Numeral!
For each element, predict the charge of its
most common ion using the periodic
table
.
-3 0 +2 +2 -1 0
+1 +2 -1 -2 +1 -1
-2 +1 -3 +1 -1 0
Chemical reactions occur when atoms gain, lose, or
share electrons.
Metal Nonmetal
s s

Metals ________________
This gives them a ____
electrons.
Positive ions are called
charge.
___________.
Nonmetals _____________
electrons.
This gives them a ____
Negative ions are called
charge.
Chemical reactions occur when atoms gain, lose, or
share electrons.
Metal Nonmetal
s s

gain /
Nonmetals _____________
This gives accept
electrons. them a ____
charge.
Negative ions are called
_anions
___________.
Metals ________________
lose / donate
+
This gives them a ____
electrons.
Positive ions are called cations
charge.
 Rules for Naming
When metalsIons
lose electrons they become ions, but their
names do not
IONS = are charged particles
change.

+ -
N N + e
electron
a
sodium
a
sodium

+ -
M M 2 + 2
2 electrons
g
magnesium
g
magnesium
e
 Rules for Naming
Ions
When nonmetals gain electrons they become ions, and
their names do
change.
- -
F + e F
fluorine electron fluoride

- -2
S + 2 S
sulfur e
2 electrons sulfide
 Rules for Naming
1. The names
Ionsof metals do not
change.
2. Changing the name of
nonmetals:
root of element name + = name of ion
-ide
Examples
:The name of chlorine’s ion:
chlor + -ide = chloride
- of nitrogen’s
The name
ion: nitr + -ide = nitride
-
Examples of naming
ions:
The name of calcium’s ion:
calcium
(The names of metals don’t
change!)
The name of oxygen’s
ion: ox- + -ide = oxide
The name of aluminum’s ion:
aluminum
(The names of metals don’t
change!)
Write the name of each of the
ions
below.
Write the name of each of the
ions on your
notes.

sulfide lithium
nitride bromid
e
potassium chloride
oxide hydrogen (+), hydride (-)
 Nomenclature Rules
Rules for naming three classes of compounds:
ionic compounds, binary covalent compounds & acids.

What type of compound is it?

IONIC COMPOUND: COVALENT COMPOUND: ACID:

Composed of cations Nonionic – not composed of Produces H+ in water.
(metals or polyatomic cations & anions. Typically the
ions) and anions Generally, only nonmetals hydrogen cation is
(nonmetals or are present. written first in the
polyatomic ions). chemical formula.

TYPE I: TYPE TYPE ACIDS: OXYACIDS:

Only one More
II: than III:
Covalent, Anion does Anion does
type of one type of nonionic. not contain contain
cation is cation is oxygen. oxygen.
observed. observed.
What elements do ionic compounds
contain
?Ionic compounds contain a metal and
a
nonmetal. Nonmetal
s
Metal
s
Rules for Naming Ionic Compounds
1.) Determine whether or not the compound is ionic.
How do you know the compound is ionic in the first place?
a.) If the compound contains a metal, then it is
most likely an ionic compound. Metals readily lose
electrons to form positive ions, called cations. Ionic
compounds almost always contain a metal as a cation
and a nonmetal as an anion.
b.) However, not all ionic compounds will contain a
metal cation. The cation could be a polyatomic ions,
such as NH4+.
Rules for Naming Ionic Compounds
2.) Determine whether there is only one type of cation
possible (Type I) or whether there are several
cations possible (Type II).
a.) If the cation is a polyatomic ion (e.g., ammonium,
NH4+), then there is only one possible charge and
so it is a type I compound.
b.) If the cation is a metal, determine if it forms only
one type of cation.
Alkali metals (Group 1A) +1 cation
Alkaline earth metals (Group 2A) +2 cation
Transition metals (Group 1-8B)
often form more than one type of cation.
Rules for Naming Type I Compounds
1.) The cation is named first and the anion is named
second.

2.) The name of the cation is the same as the name

of the element. So both the element Mg and the cation
Mg2+ are called magnesium.
(Note: For polyatomic cations, you must memorize the names. )

3.) The anion is named by taking the root name of

the element and adding the suffix -ide. For example,
F is an atom of fluorine and F- is the anion fluoride.
(Note: For polyatomic anions, you must memorize the names. )

So MgF2 would be magnesium fluoride.

Steps for Naming Ionic
Compounds
CaB 2
calcium
r
bromide
Step 1: Write the name of the metal
ion.
Step 2: Write the name of the nonmetal
ion.
Step 3: YOU ARE DONE!
Steps for Naming Ionic
Compounds
MgC 2
magnesium chloride
l
Step 1: Write the name of the metal
ion.
Step 2: Write the name of the nonmetal
ion.
Remember that we change the name of
nonmetal ions to –
ide.
YOU ARE DONE!
Name the following compounds:

1. Na 2.Mg
F O
3. SrC 4. Li S
2 2
l
5. Ca 6. KI
O
 1. Na 2.Mg
sodium fluoride magnesium oxide
F O
3. SrC 4. Li S
2 2
strontium lithium sulfide
chloride
l
5. Ca 6. KI
calcium oxide potassium iodide
O
Determining the Formula of an Ionic
Compound from Its
Name
 Determining the Formula of an Ionic
Compound from Its
Namepotassium sulfide
+ -2
K S
K2S
Step 1: Write the symbol of the metal
ion.
Step 2: Write the symbol of the nonmetal
ion.
Step 3: Determine the charges using the periodic
table.
Step 4: Determine the formula from the
You can also determine the formula of an ionic compound
from its name. To do this, you will need to use what you
already know about the Periodic
Table.
magnesium iodide
+2 -
M I
g Mg 2
ion.
I
Step 1: Write the symbol of the metal
Step 2: Write the symbol of the nonmetal
ion.
Step 3: Determine the charges using the periodic
table.
Step 4: Determine the formula from the
 Determining the Formula of an Ionic
Compound from Its
Name beryllium sulfide
2+ -2
B S
e B 2S2 =) Be
ion.
e
Step 1: Write the symbol of the metal
Step 2: Write the symbol of the nonmetal
S
ion.
Step 3: Determine the charges using the periodic
table.
Step 4: Determine the formula from the
 Determining the Formula of an Ionic
Compound from Its
Name calcium iodide
2+ -
C I
a Ca 2
ion.
I
Step 1: Write the symbol of the metal
Step 2: Write the symbol of the nonmetal
ion.
Step 3: Determine the charges using the periodic
table.
Step 4: Determine the formula from the
Name the following ionic
compounds:
 Name the following ionic
compounds:
barium oxide
cesium chloride
sodium
bromide
aluminum phosphide
calcium
chloride
potassium sulfide
Nomenclature Mnemonic for Remembering “ates”
Nick the Camel Ate a Clam Supper and Crepes (for dessert) in Phoenix
This is just as easy to do with polyatomic ions. You just
need to use the table of polyatomic ions found on the
naming compounds reference sheet.
barium
The charges are
sulfate
+ -2
Ba2 SO4 the same, so
they

BaSO4 cancel!

Step 1: Write the symbol of the metal

ion.
Step 2: Write the formula of the polyatomic
ion.
Step 3: Determine the charges using the periodic table
and the table of polyatomic
Step
ions. 4: Determine the formula from the
This is just as easy to do with polyatomic ions. You just
need to use the name of the polyatomic
ion.
strontium
nitrate+ -
Sr 2 N 3
Sr(NOO3)2
Step 1: Write the symbol of the metal
ion.
Step 2: Write the formula of the polyatomic
ion.
Step 3: Determine the charges using the periodic table
and the table of polyatomic
Step
ions. 4: Determine the formula from the
The charges of the transition metals are important when
you are determining the formula of an ionic
compound. copper (II) nitrate
+ -
C N2 3
uCu(NO
O3)2
Step 1: Write the symbol of the metal
ion.
Step 2: Write the symbol of the polyatomic
ion.
Step 3: Determine the charges using the periodic table,
polyatomic ions table, or the roman
Step 4: Determine the formula from the
numerals.
Name the following:

1. N 4F 2.CaS 4
H O
3. Mg(N
3)2 4. NaO

O H
 Remember, if polyatomic ions appear in an
ionic compound, simply use the name of
the ion as it appears in the table of
polyatomic
ions.
1. N 4Cl MgS 3
2.
ammonium chloride magnesium sulfite
H O
3. Ca(N
2)2 4. KO
calcium nitrite potassium
O H
hydroxide
There are also ions that form after elements
have shared electrons. These ions are known
as polyatomic ions, and each polyatomic ion
already has a name.
Nomenclature Mnemonic for Remembering “ates”
Nick the Camel Ate a Clam Supper and Crepes (for dessert) in Phoenix

Consonants = Vowels = Polyatomic

Oxygen Charge Ion
Nick = Nitrate 3 -1 N 3–
Camel = Carbonate 3 - O 3 2-
CO
Clam = Chlorate 3 2
-1 ClO3 -
(Note: Bromate and Iodate are the same as Chlorate.)
Supper = Sulfate 4 - S 4 2-
Crepes = chromate 4 -2 O 4 2-
CrO
Phoenix = Phosphate 4 -2 PO4 3-
3
 Helpful Hint:
If the ion ends in –ide, it is probably from the
periodic table. If the ion ends in –ate or –ite, it is
a polyatomic
ion.
Examples
: sulfat sulfide sulfite
e -2 -2 -2
S 4 S S 3
O
nitride nitrite O
nitrate
-3 - -
N N 2 N 3
Rules for Naming Type II Compounds
Additionally for Type II Compounds:
4.) Use a roman numeral after the cation to indicate the
ionic charge of that cation.
So FeO would be called iron(II) oxide since the cation
is Fe2+ and Fe2O3 would be iron(III) oxide since the cation
is Fe3+.

5.) Alternatively, when using traditional names atoms

whose valence numbers vary, you add the suffix –ous to
the one with the lower valence state and –ic to the one
with the higher valence state.
So FeO would be called ferrous oxide since the cation
is Fe2+ and Fe2O3 would be ferric oxide since the cation is
F 3+.
e
 Table of Type II Compounds
IUPAC Traditional
Root -ous -
copper (I) & copper (II) cupr- Cu+ ic____
Cu 2+
gold (I) & gold aur- Au+ Au3+
(III)
mercury (I) & mercury (II) mercur- Hg2 2+ Hg 2+

chromium (II) & chromium (III) chrom- Cr2+ Cr3+

manganese (II) & manganese (III) mangan- Mn2+ Mn3+
iron (II) & iron ferr F 2+ F 3+
(III)
cobalt (II) & cobalt -cobalt- e
Co2+ e
Co3+
(III)
nickel(II) & nickel nickel- N 2+ N 3+
(III)
tin (II) & tin stann- iSn2+ iSn4+
(IV)
lead (II) & lead (IV) plumb- Pb2+ Pb4+
cerium (III) & cerium (IV) cer Ce 3+ Ce4+
arsenic (III) & arsenic (V) -arsen- A 3+ A 5+

antimony (III) & antimony (V) antimon- sS 3+ sS 5+

bismuth (III) & bismuth (V) bismuth- b

Bi3+ b
Bi5+
Rules for Naming Binary Covalent Compounds
How do you recognize that something is a binary covalent
compound (versus an ionic compound)?

1.) If a compound contains only nonmetals (no metals),

then you can be reasonably sure that it is a covalent
compound.

Note: Some exceptions would be compounds that

contain polyatomic ions.
For example, ammonium bromide NH4Br and ammonium
sulfate (NH4)2SO4 are ionic compounds even though
they contain only nonmetals.
 shared
electron
Nonmetal s

Chemical reactions occur when atoms gain,

lose, or share electrons.
Sharing electrons creates a covalent
bondNonmetals can _______
share electrons to
form a covalent
Thisbond. molecule
creates a ___________.
Type III Compounds: Binary Covalent Compounds

1.) The first element in the compound is named first using

the name of the element.

2.) The second element is named as though it were an

anion (the root name + suffix -ide); even though, we know
there are no anions in a covalent compound.

3.) Prefixes are used to denote the numbers of each

atom present. Since there are no formal charges on the
atoms in covalent compounds, it is more difficult to predict
the proportions that the atoms combine in. (Note: the
prefix mono is never used with the first element).
Type III Compounds: Binary Covalent Compounds
Examples of binary covalent compounds include water (H2O), carbon monoxide
(CO), and carbon dioxide CO2.
Prefix meaning
mono- one
di two
-
tri three
-
tetra fou
-
penta- r
five
hexa- six
hepta- seven
octa- eight
nona- nine
deca- ten

The naming convention for binary covalent compounds is as follows:

(prefix)-nonmetal + (prefix)-nonmetal root + "-ide.

Try naming the compound P4O6.

 Determining if a compound is
ionic or covalent is
easy. do covalent compounds
What elements
contain
?Covalent compounds
contain only
nonmetals.
What elements do ionic compounds
contain?
Ionic compounds
contain a metal and
a
nonmetal.
Decide whether the compounds on
your notes are ionic or
covalent.
C C I
I C I
 Important
Because hydrogen only has 1 proton and 1 electron,
Facts:
it behaves differently than any other element on
the periodic table of
elements.
Hydrogen can
donate its 1
+
H electron
.
H2
Hydrogen can
share
Hydrogen can
electrons
gain 1
.
- electron
H .
This means that hydrogen can act as either a
metal or a
 There are 7 elements that exist in nature
as diatomic molecules.
What elements exist as diatomic
molecules?
H2, 2, 2, F2, 2, 2, I2
N O Cl Br
There are millions of covalent compounds. These
can be classified into many different types of
compounds. Each type of compound has a different
set of rules for naming. You will be learning about
the easiest type of covalent compound to
name:
Binary Covalent
Compounds
What does binary Binary means 2.
mean?
Binary covalent compounds are
between 2 different
nonmetals.
Nonmetals can share electrons in many different
ways. This means that two nonmetals can create
multiple compounds
together.
carbon and phosphorous and chlorine
oxygen
C C 2 PC 3 PC 5
O Ooxygen l
nitrogen and
l
N2O4 N2O3
Each of these contains a different ratio of elements.
Because of this, we have to make sure that the name
of the compound explains the correct
ratio.
 To show the
correct ratio of
elements, we
use
prefixes.
 Steps for Naming
Binary Covalent
Compounds
N2O4
dinitroge
nitroge tetroxid
oxide
nn e
Step 1: Write the name of the first
nonmetal.
Step 2: Write the name of the second
nonmetal changing its ending to
-ide.
Step 3: Add prefixes to specify how many of
each element are
present.
 Rules for Using
Prefixes
Rule 1: Prefixes are only for BINARY COVALENT
compounds.
Rule 2: The prefix mono- is never used on the first
element of a binary covalent compound. Without a
prefix it is assumed that there is only
1. Example: C is carbon dioxide, and
2
not monocarbon
O
dioxide.
Rule 3: Remove the -o or -a from a prefix before
adding it to oxide.
Example: CO is carbon monoxide,
and not carbon
 How would you write each of
the prefixes in front of
oxide?
Remember: Remove the -o or -a from a prefix
before adding it to oxide. Leave -i
alone.
mono- ____________
monoxid di- ____________
dioxid
trioxid
tri- ____________
e tetra- e tetroxid
penta- e pentoxid e
____________
hexa- hexoxid
e
____________
hepta- heptoxid octoxid
____________
octa- e
____________
nona- ____________
nonoxid
e deca- e
____________
____________
decoxid
e e
Name the binary covalent compounds
that are found on your
notes. dioxide
carbon
carbon
phosphorous tribromide
disulfide
phosphorous pentabromide
diphosphorous
dinitrogen
pentasulfide
silicon
monosulfide
disulfide
nitrogen
dinitrogen
tribromide
 Because of the prefixes, it is very
easy to go from the name of a binary
covalent compound to its
formula.dinitrogen
tetrafluoride
N 2 F4
Step 1: Write the symbol of the first nonmetal and
the subscript that matches the
prefix.
Step 2: Write the symbol of the second nonmetal
and the subscript that matches the
prefix.
 Write the formulas of the binary
covalent compounds in your
notes.
CCl4 IF7
PCl5 N2O4
N2O PCl3
CS CO
BH3 ICl
S2Br6 S4 N 4
SiS2 H2O
PI3 ClF5
NCl3 NO2
Naming Ionic and Covalent
Compounds Review
Chemical reactions occur when atoms
gain, lose, or share electrons.
This is what creates compounds!
gain /
Nonmetals _____________
This givesaccept
electrons. them a ____
Negative
charge.
_
ions are called anions
___________.
Metals ________________
lose / donate
+
This gives them a ____
electrons.
ions are called cations
charge.
Positive
___________.
Rules for Naming Simple Acids and Oxyacids
How do we determine if something is an acid?
The acids that we will be concerned with naming are really just a
special class of ionic compounds where the cation is always H+.

Recall that cations are written first in ionic formulas. So if the

formula has hydrogen written first, then this usually means that
the hydrogen is an H+ cation and that the compound is an acid.

When dissolved in water, acids produce H+ ions. These are also

called protons, because when the electron is removed from a
neutral hydrogen atom, it leaves behind one proton.

If the counterion (the anion) to H+ in the acid is a polyatomic ion

that contains oxygen (like NO2- or PO43- ), the acid is called an
oxyacid. If the anion does not contain oxygen (like F- or CN-),
then a different set of rules are used for naming the acid.
Binary acids are binary compounds that contain a hydrogen atom
and either a halogen (F, Cl, Br, I) or sulfur (S). It is important
to note that nitrogen, phosphorus, and oxygen do not form binary
acids with hydrogen.
The naming convention for binary acids is as follows:

“Hydro-” + nonmetal root + “-ic” + “acid”

The nonmetal roots are determined as follows. For the halogens,

simply remove the “ine” and for sulfur remove the “ur”. Thus,
the roots for fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine are fluor-,
chlor-, brom-, and iod- ; and for sulfur, sulf- .
So to determine the name for HCl:

hydro + chlor + ic + acid → hydrochloric acid

If the acid is in a gaseous form or an anhydrous form, the "-ic"

is replaced by "-ide" and the "acid" suffix is removed.
 So, acids are formed by adding protons to atoms or radicals with
negative valence numbers. The names of acids that do not
contain oxygen are formed like those of binary acids by adding
the prefix hydro- to the root name for the element and adding
the suffix –ic and the word “acid”.

Formula Acid Name_____

H hydrofluoric acid
F
HCl hydrochloric acid
HB hydrobromic acid
r
H hydriodic acid
I
HCN hydrocyanic acid
H2 S hydrosulfuric acid
H 3 hydrazoic acid
If only oneNtype of oxygen acid is formed, then the name is that of the
characteristic element plus the suffix –ic and the word acid.
Formula Acid Name___
H3BO3 boric acid
H2CO3 carbonic acid
H4Si 4 silicic acid
O
 Acids formed from polyatomic ions have a naming system similar to
that of the polyatomic ions themselves. The difference being that for
“-ate” we substitute “-ic” and for “-ite” we substitute “ous” and
add the word acid.

For example, hypochlor-ite then becomes hypochlorous acid; and

perchlor-ate becomes perchloric acid.

Ion Ion name Acid Formula Acid

Name
ClO- hypochlorite HClO hypochlorous acid
ClO2 - chlorite HClO2 chlorous acid
ClO3 - chlorate HClO3 chloric acid
ClO4 - perchlorate HClO4 perchloric acid

Note: The number of hydrogens added to the polyatomic ion is equal

to the charge on the cation.

Try naming the acids formed by nitrite and nitrate ions, NO2 – and NO3 -,
respectively.
 Organic Compounds
Organic compounds contain carbon.
All other compounds are defined as inorganic.

However, for the sake of convenience, some carbon

compounds are considered inorganic:
carbon monoxide (CO),
carbon dioxide (CO2),
carbon disulfide (CS2),
and those containing the anions:
cyanide (CN-),
carbonate (CO3 2- )
bicarbonate (HCO3-)
 Organic Compounds
The alkanes consist only of carbon and hydrogen held together by single bonds.
The first four alkanes have common names. The higher ones have names
reflecting the Greek/Latin prefixes used in the covalent naming system.
Organic Compounds Names
CH4 methane
C2H6 ethane
C3H8 propane
C4H10 butane
C5H12 pentane
C6H14 hexane
C7H16 heptane
C8H18 octane
C9H20 nonane
C10H22 decane

The alkenes have a double bond between two of the carbons. Every double
bonded carbon can only form two other bonds. So there are two less hydrogens
for every corresponding alkene. The alkynes have a triple bond between two of
the carbons. So every triple-bonded carbon can only form one other bond.
 Listen here! Y’all know…

I Might Pass Maybe 0002

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WRlGwnxs-pM

Remember that “Ate Beats Ite!”… …and hydroxide!

OH -

Chemistry Song (to the tune of I Will Follow You Into the Dark by Death Cab for Cutie)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pBxIGmlqr-s
Summary: Chemical reactions occur when
atoms gain, lose, or share electrons.
This is what creates compounds!
gain /
Nonmetals _____________
This givesaccept
electrons. them a ____
Negative
charge.
_
ions are called anions
___________.
Metals ________________
lose / donate
+
This gives them a ____
electrons.
ions are called cations
charge.
Positive
___________.
Rules for Naming Type I Compounds
with polyatomic ions
Polyatomic ions then resemble molecules in that they
contain at least two atoms bound together in a definite
arrangement.

The steps for naming compounds with polyatomic ions:

+
 Steps for Naming a
Compound
Step 1: Decide if the compound is ionic or
covalent
.
Step 2: Write the name of the first element as
it appears on the periodic table, change the
name of the second element to end with
-ide.
Ionic compounds are finished at this point.
Step 3: If, and only if, the compound is
covalent, add
Write the formulas of the following
compounds
:
HC
BaF2l
Sn
S N2 O
CS2
S2Cl6
N 3P 4
aPtCl
O2
Write the formula of each of the ionic
compounds named on your
notes.
KI
SnC 4
lBaS 4
O
NaCl
SrS
CuC 3
OAlB 3
Li3Nr
Thank you and God bless!