Unit VI

THE
EXECUTIVE Lesson 1
The role of the Philippine President in
relation to his or her powers
 Executive Power
Article VII, Section 1 of the 1987 Philippine

PRESIDEN
Constitution

Head of State T
Head of
Commander-in- Government Control over all the
chief of the Armed executive
Forces of the departments,
Philippines bureaus and offices
 The President of the
Philippines
Elected by direct vote by the people for a term of
six years
Only serve for one term

Ineligible for re-election

term will start at noon of the 30th day of June

 Qualifications
(Article VII, Section 2 of the 1987 Constitution)

Natural born Filipino

A registered voter
Must be able to read and write
40 years of age at the day of the election
Must have resided in the Philippines ten years
before the election is held
 History
16 presidents of the Philippines
1. Emilio Aguinaldo (1899-1901)
Revolutionary

Government to the First
Republic

 Held the position until

March 23, 1901

 Captured by the
Americans during the
Philippine-American War
2. Manuel L. Quezon (1935-
1943)
 Second president of the
Philippines and the First of
the Philippine
Commonwealth

 Had an 8-year term because

of sudden changes in the
constitution and due to the
World War II outbreak
3. Jose P. Laurel (1943-1944)
 3rd president of the Philippines

 The only president of the second

republic

 The President of the Second

Republic would overlap with the
President of the Commonwealth

 September 17, 1945 –the laws of

Second Republic were declared null
and void by the supreme court
4. Sergio Osmena (1943-1945)
 Second president of the
Commonwealth and the Fourth
President of the Philippines

 Took his oath of the office in the

United States

 Would run in the first post-war

presidential elections held in 1946
but lose to Senate President Manuel
Roxas
5. Manuel Roxas (1946-1948)
 Third President of the
Commonwealth

 First President of the independent

Republic of the Philippines

 Fifth President of the Philippines

 usher in the end of the Philippine

Commonwealth and the birth of the
Third Republic
6. Elpidio Quirino (1948-1953)
 succeeded as President after the
untimely death of Roxas

 Known for infrastructures but

was marred with allegations of
corruptions and failure to resolve
the insurgency conflict
7. Ramon Magsaysay (1953-
1957) Republic
 Third President of the Third

 “Man of Masses”

 Known for his project that

benefit labor and agriculture
sector

 Settle the HUKBALAHAP

issue
8. Carlos P. Garcia (1957-1961)
 “Filipino First” policy

- A rule under Article XII, Section

9 of the 1987 Constitution, which
heavily favors Filipino
businessmen over foreign
investors with respect to the grant
of rights, privileges, and
concessions covering the national
economy and patrimony.
9. Diosdado Macapagal (1961-
1965)
 Known for pushing
Philippines’ claim to
Sabah

 Transferring the
Independence day from
July 4 to June 12
10. Ferdinand Marcos (1965-
1986)
 Last president of the Third Republic
when he declared martial law in 1972

 formally proclaims the “New

Republic” – The Fourth – in 1981

 First president of the Fourth

Republic

 He stayed in the office for 20 years–

the longest president of the
Philippines
11. Corazon C. Aquino (1986-
1992)
 EDSA Revolution successfully
installed Pres. Aquino as the new
President of the Philippines

 Second and Last president of the

Fourth Republic

 Freedom Constitution

 1987 Constitution was put into full

force and effect

 First President of the Fifth Republic

12. Fidel V. Ramos 13. Joseph
(1992-1998) Ejercito
(1998-2001)
14. Gloria 15. Benigno S.
Macapagal- Aquino III
Arroyo (2010-2016)
16. Rodrigo R. Duterte (2016-
Present)
 16th President of the Philippines
 Known for his anti-drug
campaign

 First Mindanaoan to hold the

office

 Oldest person ever elected to the

presidency

 Duterte was ranked 70th on

Forbes list of the World’s Most
Powerful People
 Powers of the
President
Executive Order No. 292,
s. 1987
Administrative Code of
1987
ARTICLE V11- EXECUTIVE
DEPARTMENT
 SECTION 1: The Executive power shall be
vested in the President of the Philippines.
Executive Power- power to administer laws,
carry them into practical operation and enforce
on their due observance.

SECTION 2: NO person many be elected

President unless he is a natural-born citizen of the
Philippines, a registered voter, able to read and
write , at least 40 yrs of age on the day of election
and resident of for at least 10 yrs.
 SECTION 3: There shall be a Vice-President,
who shall have the same qualifications and term of
office and be elected with and in the same manner
as the president. He may be removed from office in
the same manner as the President.

SECTION 4: The President SECTION 4: THE Supreme

and VP shall be elected for a Court shall be the sole
term of 6 years. judge of all contests relating
The President shall not be to the election of President
eligible for any re-election. and VP
 TERM OF OFFICE –
Refers to the period during
which an officer may claim
to hold the office as a
matter of right.

TENURE OF OFFICE-
the period during which
the incumbent holds the
position.
 SECTION 8: In the case of
death, permanent disability,
removal from office or
resignation of the President,
VP shall become the
President to serve the
unexpired term.
SECTION 9: whenever there is a
vacancy in the office of the VP
during the term for which he was
elected, the President shall nominate
a VP from among the Members of
the Senate and HOR.
- President of the Senate
- Speaker of the house of
Representatives until
President and VP have
been qualified.
SECTION 10: The Congress shall
after the vacancy in the offices of
the President and VP occurs
convene and enact a law calling
for a special election to elect a
President and VP.
 Line of Succession
a. Vice President – in cases of the death, disability, or
resignation of the President
b. Senate President – in cases of death, disability, or
resignation of the President and Vice President
c. Speaker of the House of Representatives
- in cases of death, disability, or resignation of the
President, Vice President and Senate President

The constitution does not include the Chief Justice of the

Supreme Court in the list
SECTION 13: The President, The VP And Members of
the Cabinet shall not , unless otherwise provided in the
constitution, hold any other office or employment
during their tenure. They shall not.. Practice any other
profession, participate in any business or be financially
interested in any contract with the Government.
 SECTION 16: THE President shall nominate and , with the
consent of the Commission on Appointments, appoint the heads
of the Executive departments , ambassadors, other public
ministers and consuls or officers of the armed forces from the
rank of colonel or naval captain, and other offices whose
appointments are vested in him in this Constitution.

SECTION 17: The President shall have control of all the

executive departments, bureaus and offices. He shall ensure
the laws be faithfully executed.
SECTION 18: The President shall be the Commander in Chief
of all armed forces of the Philippines, and whenever it becomes
necessary, he may call out such armed forces to prevent or
suppress lawless violence, invasion or rebellion. He may,
suspend the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus or place the
Philippines ,or any part thereof under martial law.

SECTION 16: THE President shall nominate and , with the

consent of the Commission on Appointments, appoint the heads
of the Executive departments , ambassadors, other public
ministers and consuls or officers of the armed forces from the
rank of colonel or naval captain, and other offices whose
appointments are vested in him in this Constitution.
 RESTRICTIONS ON THE PRESIDENTS POWER TO
DECLARE MARTIAL LAW
• There must be an invasion or rebellion and public safety
requires the proclamation or suspension.
• The duration shall not exceed 60 days unless extended by
the Congress.
• The president must submit a report to Congress (in person
or in writing) within 48 hrs after the declaration may be
revoked by the majority vote of the all members of the
Congress voting jointly.
• The Supreme court may inquire into the suffiency of the
factual basis of the proclamation.
 SECTION 19: The President may grant reprieves,
commutations and pardons and amnesty.
• Reprieve- is the postponement of the execution of a death
sentence.
• Commutation- is reduction of the sentence imposed for a
lesser punishment.
• Pardon- is an act grace which exempts the individual from
punishment the law inflicts for a crime he has committed.
• Remission- is a condonation of the financial obligation and
the return of properties confiscated by a reason of the
commission of the offense and conviction of the offender.
• Amnesty- is an act of a sovereign power granting a general
pardon for a past offense usually granted in favor of a certain
class of persons which have committed crimes of a political
character.
 SECTION 20: The President may contract or guarantee
foreign loans on behalf of the Republic of the Philippines
with the Prior concurrences of the Monetary Board of
Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas and subject to such limitations
as may be provided by law.

SECTION 21: No treaty or international agreement shall be

valid and effective unless concurred in by at least two-thirds
of all the Members of the Senate.
 SECTION 22: The President shall submit to the Congress
within 30 days from the opening of every regular session, as
the basis of the general appropriations bill, a budget of
expenditures and sources of financing, including receipts
from existing and proposed revenue measures.

SECTION 23: the president shall address the Congress at

the opening of its regular session. He may also appear
before it at any other time. It gives opportunity to the
President to give information on the “state of the nation”
and to recommend such measures to the legislatures as he
may deem necessary and proper.
 Qualifications
Article VII, Section 3 of the constitution
the qualifications for the President are the same for the
Vice President
Natural born Filipino
A registered voter
Must be able to read and write
40 years of age at the day of the election
Must have resided in the Philippines ten years before
Since 1935, there are only 12 people who have held the Office of the
Vice President, namely:

Sergio Osmena Elpidio Quirino Fernando Lopez

Carlos P. Garcia Emmanuel Pelaez Arturo Tolentino

 Gloria Macapagal- Arroyo
Salvador Laurel Jr. Joseph Ejercito Estrada

Noli De Castro Jejomar Binay Teofisto Guingona Jr

 Cabinet Secretaries
Functions of a Cabinet Secretary
• Alter ego of the President having their power
over their departments.

• However, the President can still dissolve or

create any department for the country’s better.
 Appointment of Cabinet
Secretaries
Article VII, Section 16 – the President may appoint anyone
to executive departments with the consent of the
Commission on Appointments. Names of individuals
nominated are submitted to the commission for their
consideration.

However, a nominated individual should not expect his

position in a department unless it is confirmed by the
Commission on Appointments.
The following need confirmation of the
Commission on Appointments in
order to assume their posts:
• Executive Secretary
• Secretary of Agrarian Form
• Secretary of Agriculture (DA)
• Secretary of Budget and
Management
• Secretary of Education (DepEd)
• Secretary of Energy (DoE)
• Secretary of Environment and
Natural Resources (DENR)
• Secretary of Finance
• Secretary of Foreign Affairs (DFA)
• Secretary of Health (DOH)
• Secretary of Justice (DOJ)
• Secretary of Labor and Employment
(DOLE)
• Secretary of National Defense
• Secretary of Public Work and
Highways (DPWH)
• Secretary of Science and Technology
(DOST)
• Secretary of Social Welfare and
Development (DSWD)
• Secretary of the Interior and Local
Government (DILG)
• Secretary of Trade and Industry
(DTI)
• Secretary of Transportation and
Communications (DOTC)
• Secretary of Tourism (DOT)
• Commission on Higher Education
(CHED)
• Director General of the National
Economic and Development
Powers of a Cabinet Secretary
Alter egos of the
President in
their respective
The power to orderdepartments
directives relative Act as advisors
to their of the President
departments such for their
as department different areas