PARAMETRIC

STATISTICS AND
NONPARAMETRIC
STATISTICS
PARAMETRIC VS.
NONPARAMETRIC
 Parametric Tests are statistical
procedures used to assess the
equivalence of specific
population parameters
 Nonparametric Tests are
statistical procedures used to
asses the equivalence of the
whole population
SEATWORK 1
1. Describe the nature and uses of
nonparametric tests. (see Siegel et. al pp.33-
36)
2. At this point, differentiate nonparametric
statistics by completing the table below.
Parametric Nonparametric
1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
4. 4.
5. 5.
SEATWORK 1
3. The chi-square test is the most frequently
used nonparametric test of hypothesis in the
social and behavioral sciences. In your own
words, can you enumerate the advantages of
using nonparametric tests?
4. Summarize the preconceived disadvantages
to the use of nonparametric statistical test.
THE SIX-STEP MODEL FOR
HYPOTHESIS TESTING
Hypothesis Testing is the process of
inferring from a sample whether to
accept or reject a certain statement
about the population. The statement
itself is called hypothesis. In most
cases, a working hypothesis is an
educated guess that a researcher
made about the chosen sample used
in the study.
SAMPLE FOR HYPOTHESIS
TESTING
1.Boys are better than girls in manipulative skills.
2. There is a significant correlation between
interest in science and the career choice of high
school graduates in science.
3. Method A is more effective in developing the
higher order thinking skills of the learners than
method B.
4. Girls are better than boys in taking down notes.
5. Students from school A perform significantly
better in spelling and spatial activities than
those from school B.
EXAMPLE 1
Two football teams are in the field waiting for the referee to toss
a coin. One of the captains gives the referee a coin to toss to
see who will kick-off. The referee being unaware of probability
wishes to determine whether or not the coin is a fair coin. He
tosses it 5 times and has decided in advance that the coin is
considered to be biased if it comes up heads 5 times or tails 5
times. Describe the hypothesis testing procedure and determine
the level of significance of the test used by the referee.
The hypothesis to be tested here is:
Ho: The coin is fair.
If p represents the probability of obtaining heads when tossing
the coin once, then the hypothesis to the tested can be
expressed as
p= 0.5
 EXAMPLE 1
The referee has decided to reject the hypothesis if the coin falls heads up 5
times or tails up. This means that before tossing the coin, the referee has
made an agreement with himself the criterion he will use to test the
hypothesis.
The decision rule is: “ Reject the hypothesis if the number of heads is 0 or
5”.
The referee then performs his experiment, the tossing of the coin 5 times.
Let us indicate the result of the experiment by specifying the number of X
of heads. The possible values of X are as follows:
EXAMPLE 1
EXAMPLE 1
EXAMPLE 1
SEATWORK 2
Our referee is beginning to lose his hair. He
goes t o a hair specialist to get information
about a new hair tonic. According to the
specialist, this new hair tonic “cumon” has
been tried by quite number of bald-headed
people, and in 70 percent of the cases with
success. Determine the level of significance
of this experiment. (Allow about 25 minutes)
EXAMPLE 2
EXAMPLE 2
EXAMPLE 2
EXAMPLE 2
EXAMPLE 2
EXAMPLE 2
POINTERS TO REMEMBER FOR
HYPOTHESIS TESTING
THINGS TO DO!
THINGS TO DO!
THINGS TO DO!
THINGS TO DO!