Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Population
Proportion
Objectives
Null Hypothesis
1 a statement which states that there is no difference between a parameter and a
specific value; denoted by
Example:
The proportion of students who have pets is 58%.
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Alternative Hypothesis
2 a statement which states that there is a difference between a parameter and a
specific value; it is the negation of the null hypothesis
Example:
The proportion of students who have pets is not 58%.
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One-Tailed Test
3 a type of hypothesis test that makes use of only one side or tail of the
distribution. It can either be a right-tailed or left-tailed test.
One-Tailed Test
3 a type of hypothesis test that makes use of only one side or tail of the
distribution. It can either be a right-tailed or left-tailed test.
Example:
A one-tailed test, specifically a right-tailed test, should be
used given the following hypotheses:
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One-Tailed Test
3 a type of hypothesis test that makes use of only one side or tail of the
distribution. It can either be a right-tailed or left-tailed test.
Example:
The proportion of students who have pets is at most 58%.
The proportion of students who have pets is more than 58%.
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Two-Tailed Test
4 a type of hypothesis test that makes use of two opposite sides or tails of the
distribution; it is used if the alternative hypothesis contains the “not equal to”
symbol.
Two-Tailed Test
4 a type of hypothesis test that makes use of two opposite sides or tails of the
distribution; it is used if the alternative hypothesis contains the “not equal to”
symbol.
Example:
A two-tailed test should be used given following hypotheses:
The proportion of students who have pets is 58%.
Level of Significance
5 the probability of making an error in rejecting the null hypothesis when it is
actually true
Example:
A significance level of means that there is a 1% chance of
rejecting a true null hypothesis.
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Critical Values
6 -scores that are boundaries of the rejection region
Example:
Critical Values
6 -scores that are boundaries of the rejection region
Level of Significance
Type of Test
One-tailed
Two-tailed
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Example:
In a two-tailed test at , the rejection region is the area to the
left of and the area to the right of . If the test statistic value is
less than or greater than , then the null hypothesis is
rejected.
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Example:
But if the test statistic value is between and
, then the null hypothesis is not rejected.
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Since the test statistic value falls in the rejection region, the
null hypothesis should be rejected.
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Individual Practice:
Null Hypothesis
1 a statement which states that there is no difference between a parameter and a
specific value; denoted by
Alternative Hypothesis
2 a statement which states that there is a difference between a parameter and a
specific value; it is the negation of the null hypothesis
One-Tailed Test
3 a type of hypothesis test that makes use of only one side or tail of the
distribution. It can either be a right-tailed or left-tailed test.
Key Points
Two-Tailed Test
4 a type of hypothesis test that makes use of two opposite sides or tails of the
distribution; it is used if the alternative hypothesis contains the “not equal to”
symbol.
Level of Significance
5 the probability of making an error in rejecting the null hypothesis when it is
actually true
Critical Values
6 -scores that are boundaries of the rejection region
Key Points