SHEETAL A .

MEHTA
MMS -A- 055
 DEFINITION
 FEATURES OF LEADERSHIP
 TRIATS IN LEADERSHIP
 LEADERSHIP SKILLS
 STYLES OF LEADERSHIP
 THEORIES OF LEADERSHIP
 MANAGERIAL GRID MODEL
“Leadership is the process of influencing and
supporting others to work enthusiastically
towards achieving objectives”.

“Leadership is the ability of a manager to induce

subordinates to work with confidence and
zeal”.
 Influencing Process
 Followers
 Relationship
 Common Goal
 Situational
 Member’s Satisfaction
 Intelligence
 Emotional Stability
 Physical Features
 Balance
 Motivating Skills
 Communications Skills
 Enthusiasm
Leader use three type of skills-
 Technical skill
 Human skill
 Conceptual skill
SKILLS NEEDED
C
Top O
Management N
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E P
Middle
Management
C HUMAN T
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Supervisory C
Management A
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 Autocratic or Dictatorial Leadership

 Participative or Democratic Leadership

 Laissez-faire or Free Rein Leadership

 All decision-making power is centralized in the hands of
leader
 Subordinates have to play a nominal role in the process of
decision making
 Leader either uses threats and punishments or rewards

E.g. Adolf Hitler

 Advantages
 Strong Motivation to a leader
 Decision maker; hence all decisions are quick
 Centralized authority and Strict discipline
 Disadvantages
 Negative motivation; people dislikes it
 Develops frustration and low morale, conflicts
 No decision power to subordinates
 It allows consultation and active participation of
subordinates
 Leader allows his subordinates in decision making
and sharing of knowledge

E.g. Ratan Tata

 Advantages
 Subordinates are in the process of decision making
 Provides employee and group satisfaction
 Increase morale, reduce complaints
 Disadvantages
 Unnecessary time in taking decisions
 Not good when dealing with emergency situations
 Leader entirely depends on his subordinates for

taking decisions
 Leader decides the policy, programmes and limitations;
entire process left to subordinates
 Advantages
 Leader can concentrate on other important matters
 Suitable for highly trained and professionals
 Develops personality of individual
 Disadvantages
 Suitable only when subordinate is highly educated and
brilliant
 Contribution of manager is almost nil
 No guidance or motivation to subordinates
 Transformational Leadership
 Transactional Leadership
 Servant Leadership
 Task-oriented Leadership
 People-oriented Leadership
 Visionary Leadership
 Trait theory
 Traditional approach in terms of personal traits and characteristics
 Traits include intelligence, perception, understanding, motivation, high initiative, self-realisation
 Behavior theory
 Based on what leaders do
 More shown by person’s act than by his traits
 Two dimensions: Initiating structure & Consideration
 Includes setting goals, defining and organizing tasks, encouraging subordinates
 Situational theory
 Leadership depends on situational variables
 Includes personality of leader, skills, interaction among

group members and,

 Other factors like organisational goals, values, economic-socio-legal-
cultural factors
 Charismatic theory
 Leaders have ability to charm, inspire and convince the followers
 Leader has high level of confidence, dominance