Incomplete Adjective

Clauses
RR
Adjective Clause?

 Adjective clause, also known as a relative clause,

is a type of dependent clause that works to
describe/ modify a noun in a sentence.
 It functions as an adjective even though it is made
up of a group of words instead of just one word.
 In the case of an adjective clause, all the words
work together to modify the noun or pronoun.
 All adjective clauses are dependent clauses.

 A dependent clause is a group of words that consists of a subject

and a verb, yet it is not a complete sentence that can stand alone.

 Adjective clauses begin with a relative pronoun , which connects

them to the word they describe such as that, who, whom, whose,
which, when, where.
Examples:
1. Chocolate is fattening.
2. Many people adore it very much.

 Chocolate, which many people adore very much, is fattening.

3. Lala is happy.
4. She got the highest score on the test.

 Lala, who got the highest score on the test, is happy.

5. The teacher was very strict.
6. We had him last semester.

 The teacher whom we had last semester was very strict.

7. The car was broke down yesterday.

8. The car was very old.

 The car which/ that was very old broke down yesterday.
9. The man was drunk. He caused the accident.

 The man who caused the accident was drunk.

10. The girl is my friend. Her father is a dentist.

 The girl whose father is a dentist is my friend.

10. The book is very expensive. I don’t buy it.

 The book which I don’t buy is very expensive.

11. That is the company. I met him there for the first time.

 That is the company where I met him for the first time.

11. Do you still remember the day? We spent the day

together last holiday.
 Do you still remember the day when we spent together
last holiday?
Defining adjective clause
 Gives important/ essential information.
 An essential/ a defining adjective
clause does not require any additional
punctuation.
 Examples:
 The teacher whom we had last
semester was very strict.
 I don't like children who eat ice cream
with their hands.
Non-defining adjective clause
 Gives extra description/ information
that is not strictly required to
understand the sentence. 
 We put comma between the adjective
clause.
 Example:
 Chocolate, which many people adore
very much, is fattening.
 Lala, who got the highest score on the
test, is happy.
Exercise: Put the correct relative
clauses!
1. Will it be the year _____ we will get married?
2. I have an uncle ______ lives in Germany.
3. That little girl ______ you taught just now is my sister.
4. Mamet, ____ has a good body shape, exercises regularly.
5. Adam has a girl friend _____ eyes are green.
6. The house ____ I want to buy is very expensive.
7. The house ____ I was born is in a small town.
8. Tina, _____ I saw last week, is being a student of Law.
9. The music instrument ____ I love is piano.
10. My father, ____ comes from Belgium, is a scientist.
Exercise: Put the correct relative
clauses!
1. Will it be the year when we will get married?
2. I have an uncle who lives in Germany.
3. That little girl whom you taught just now is my sister.
4. Mamet, who has a good body shape, exercises regularly.
5. Adam has a girl friend whose eyes are green.
6. The house which I want to buy is very expensive.
7. The house where I was born is in a small town.
8. Tina, whom I saw last week, is being a student of Law.
9. The music instrument which I love is piano.
10. My father, who comes from Belgium, is a scientist.
Notes:
1. When the markers “which, that, and whom” are used as
objects in relative clauses, they can correctly be omitted.
 Example:
1. The book is very expensive. I don’t buy it.
The book which I don’t buy is very expensive.
The book I don’t buy is expensive.
2. The teacher was very strict. We had him last semester.
The teacher whom we had last semester was very strict.
The teacher we had last semester was very strict.
Notes:
2. The adjective clause markers “which and whom” can
also be used as object of preposition.

 Object of preposition = preposition + noun/ noun clause.

 Examples: on it, to her, without me, after the heavy rain, etc.

Example:
1. He is the man. I was talking to him at the party.
He is the man whom I was talking to at the party.
He is the man to whom I was talking at the party.
2. Prof Smith is from UK. We shook hands with
him just now.
ProfSmith, whom we shook hands with just
now, is from UK.
ProfSmith, with whom we shook hands just
now, is from UK.
Notes:
3. You may also see sentences with adjective clauses
used in this pattern:
Quantity word + of + relative clause

 Examples:

1. She has three brothers. Two of them are in army.

 She has three brothers, two of whom are in army.

2. Sam has two pets. Both of them are very cute.

 Sam has two pets, both of which are very cute.
Exercise:
1. His supervisor is very generous. He borrowed a car from him.
2. The doctor is treating a patient. His leg was broken in an accident.
3. I’ve lost a piece of paper. I wrote Bobby’s address on it.
4. The man is the general manager in a big company. We met him at the party
yesterday.
5. A friend of mine helped me to get a job. Her father is the owner of a
restaurant.