MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ

(Relative clauses)

1. They are living in a house. It was built in 1930.

Which - S

They are living in a house which was built in 1930.

Re- cl
They are living in a house that was built in 1930.

Re- Cl

2. The house doesn’t have electricity. It was built in the forest.

Which- S

The house which was built in the forest doesn’t have electricity
that

3. I sent my parents some postcards. They were not so expensive.

Which- S

I sent my parents some postcards which were not so expensive.

4. The soup was so delicious. I had it for lunch.

which = O

The soup which I had for lunch was so delicious

That

5. The flowers are still fresh. I bought them 2 days ago

which = O

The flowers which I bought 2 days ago are still fresh

MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ: MĐQH

- ĐỨNG SAU N ĐỂ BỔ SUNG Ý NGHĨA CHO N

N + Re-cl

ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ: ĐTQH

- ĐỨNG NGAY SAU N MÀ NÓ THAY THẾ

- ĐỨNG ĐẦU MĐQH , CÓ THỂ LÀM S hoặc O TRONG MĐQH

1. ĐTQH: WHICH: VẬT Mà

- Dùng để thay thế cho một từ chỉ vật, làm S hoặc O trong MĐQH

19. Huyen likes the blue T-shirt. My sister is wearing it.

Huyen likes the blue T-shirt which My sister is wearing

20.That is a company. It produces rings.

That is a company which produces rings.

21.The children were attracted by the show. It was performed so many.

The children were attracted by the show which was performed so many.

22. Linda bought a new phone. I can use it to send and receive message.

Linda bought a new phone which I can use to send and receive message.
5. The woman is beautiful. She is wearing a T-shirt

Who - S

The woman who is wearing a T-shirt is beautiful

6. Do you know the man? He is coming towards us.

Who - S

Do you know the man who is coming towards us?

7. I was invited by the professor . I met him at the conference.

Whom – O

I was invited by the professor  whom/that I met at the conference.

8. The girl is from Ha Noi. I talked to her at school

Whom - O

The girl whom I talked to at school is from Ha Noi

The girl to whom I talked at school is from Ha Noi

ĐTQH: Who: người mà

- Dùng để thay thế cho một từ chỉ người, làm S trong câu
ĐTQH: Whom: người mà
- Dùng để thay thế cho một từ chỉ người, làm O trong câu
N + Re-cl

9. The woman wants you to come to dinner. You spoke to her yesterday
The woman whom You spoke to yesterday wants you to come to dinner
The woman to whom You spoke yesterday wants you to come to dinner
10. The man has just returned from the farm. I want to meet him at once.
The man whom I want to meet at once has just returned from the farm.
11. I want to meet the student. He helped me yesterday
I want to meet the student Who helped me yesterday
12. The teacher was strict. I talked to her 2 days ago
The teacher whom I talked to 2 days ago was strict
The teacher to whom I talked 2 days ago was strict

8. Do you know the boy ? His mother is a nurse

Do you know the boy whose mother is a nurse?
 
9. The girl is intelligent. Her father taught her a lot

The girl whose father taught her a lot is intelligent

10. The man works for my company. The man’s daughter is fond of dancing.
The man whose daughter is fond of dancing works for my company

11. Carta has a sister. Her sister’s name is Juma.

Carta has a sister whose name is Juma.

12. The man is very rich. His house is being built in my village
The man whose house is being built in my village is very rich

ĐTQH: whose: của người mà whose + N

Chỉ quan hệ sở hữu
Thay thế cho tính từ sở hữu: my, her, his, their, our, your,íts
Hoặc sở hữu cách: Tên’s

Đại từ quan hệ Chủ ngữ Tân ngữ

Chỉ người Who/that Whom/that

Chỉ vật Which/that Which/that

Chỉ sở hữu Whose + N... của ng mà/ của vật mà

III. Các loại Mệnh đề quan hệ: Mđ qh xác định/ mđqh không xác định

1/ The men are English . They lives next-door.

The men who lives next-door are English.
Mđ qh xác định ( defining relative clause)

2/ Dalat is very beautiful. I visited it last summer

Dalat, which I visited last summer, is very beautiful.

mđqh không xác định (Non-defining relative clause)

Có hai loại mệnh đề quan hệ: mệnh đề quan hệ xác định và mệnh đề quan hệ không xác
định.

1. Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định (Defining relative clauses): là mệnh đề được dùng để
xác định danh từ đứng trước nó. Mệnh đề xác định là mệnh đề cần thiết cho ý
nghĩa của câu, không có nó câu sẽ không đủ nghĩa. Nó được sử dụng khi danh từ là
danh từ không xác định và không dùng dấu phẩy ngăn cách nó với mệnh đề chính.

2. Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định (Non-defining relative clauses): là mệnh đề cung
cấp thêm thông tin về một người, một vật hoặc một sự việc đã được xác định.
Mệnh đề không xác định là mệnh đề không nhất thiết phải có trong câu, không có
nó câu vẫn đủ nghĩa. Nó được sử dụng khi danh từ là danh từ xác định và được
ngăn cách với mệnh đề chính bằng một hoặc hai dấu phẩy (,) hay dấu gạch ngang
(-)

Ex: Dalat, which I visited last summer, is very beautiful. (Non-defining relative clause)

Note: dùng mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định, ta lưu ý các điểm sau:
- Khi danh từ mà nó bổ nghĩa là một danh từ riêng
 - Khi danh từ mà nó bổ nghĩa là một tính từ sở hữu (my, his, her, their)
- Khi danh từ mà nó bổ nghĩa la một danh từ đi với this , that, these, those
- Ko dùng”that” sau dấu phẩy
 

* THAT: ng mà, vật mà

- có thể thay thế cho vị trí của who, whom, which trong mệnh đề quan hệ quan hệ xác
định
* Các trường hợp thường dùng “that”:
- khi đi sau các hình thức so sánh nhất
- khi đi sau các từ: only, the first, the last
- khi danh từ đi trước bao gôm cả người và vật
- khi đi sau các đại từ bất định, đại từ phủ định, đại từ chỉ số lượng:
noone, nobody, nothing, anyone, anything, anybody, someone, something, somebody, all,
some, any, little, none.

Ex:
He was the most interesting person that I have ever met.
It was the first time that I heard of it.
These books are all that my sister left me.
She talked about the people and places that she had visited.

* Các trường hợp không dùng that:

- trong mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định
- sau giới từ

IV. Một số lưu ý trong mệnh đề quan hệ

1. Nếu trong mệnh đề quan hệ có giới từ thì giới từ có thể đặt trước hoặc sau mệnh đề
quan hệ (chỉ áp dụng với whom và which.)

 Ex: Mr. Brown is a nice teacher. We studied with him last year.
o → Mr. Brown, with whom we studied last year, is a nice teacher.
o → Mr. Brown, whom we studied with last year, is a nice teacher.

2. Ở vị trí tân ngữ, whom có thể được thay bằng who.

 Ex: I’d like to talk to the man whom / who I met at your birthday party.

4. Trong mệnh đề quan hệ xác định , chúng ta có thể bỏ các đại từ quan hệ làm tân ngữ:
whom, which.

 Ex: The girl you met yesterday is my close friend. The book you lent me was very
interesting.
 5. Các cụm từ chỉ số lượng some of, both of, all of, neither of, many of, none of … có thể
được dùng trước whom, which và whose.

 Ex: I have two sisters, both of whom are students. She tried on three dresses, none
of which fitted her.

The girl whose father taught her a lot is intelligent

II. Các trạng từ quan hệ

1. WHERE: thay thế cho giới từ + N chỉ nơi chốn hoặc thay cho there

a/ The hotel wasn’t very clean. We stayed in that hotel. (giới từ + N(nơi))=> Trạng từ

The hotel which we stayed in wasn’t very clean

→ The hotel where we stayed wasn’t very clean.

….N (place) + WHERE + S + V …. Nơi mà

(WHERE = ON / IN / AT + WHICH / There)

b/ The village was peaceful. I was born in that village

there
The village where I was born was peaceful

2. WHEN: thay thế giới từ + N chỉ thời gian, thường thay cho từ then
a/ Do you still remember the day? We first met on that day.

→ Do you still remember the day when we first met?

→ Do you still remember the day on which we first met?

b/ I don’t know the time. She will come back at that time (then).
→ I don’t know the time when she will come back.

….N (time) + WHEN + S + V … khi mà/ thời điểm mà

(WHEN = ON / IN / AT + WHICH/then)

3/ WHY: mở đầu cho mệnh đề quan hệ chỉ lý do,

Thường thay cho cụm for the reason, for that reason.

I don’t know the reason. You didn’t go to school for that reason.
→ I don’t know the reason why you didn’t go to school.

…..N (the reason) + WHY + S + V …

Ex4. Combine These Pairs Of Sentences Using Relative Pronouns:

1. The first boy has just moved. He knows the truth.
Who
2. I don’t remember the man. You said you met him at the canteen last week.
whom
3. The only thing is how to go home. It makes me worried.
4. The most beautiful girl lives city. I like her long hair very much.
5. He was Tom. I met him at the bar yesterday.

6. The children often go swimming on Sundays. They have much free time then.
………………………………………….. ………………………………………….. ……
7. They are looking for the man and his dog. They have lost the way in the forest.
………………………………………….. ………………………………………….. ……
8. The tree has lovely flowers. The tree stands near the gate of my house.
………………………………………….. ………………………………………….. ……

9. My wife wants you to come to dinner. You were speaking to my wife

………………………………………….. ………………………………………….. ……
10. The last man has just returned from the farm. I want to talk to him at once.
………………………………………….. ………………………………………….. ……
11. The students will be awarded the present. The students’ reports are very valuable.
………………………………………….. ………………………………………….. ……
12. The book was a lovely story. I was reading it yesterday.
The book which I was reading yesterday was a lovely story
………………………………………….. ………………………………………….. ……

13. The botanist will never forget the day. He found a strange plant on that day.
………………………………………….. ………………………………………….. ……
14. Someone is phoning you. He looked for you three hours ago.
………………………………………….. ………………………………………….. ……
15. The man works for my father’s company. The man’s daughter is fond of dancing.
………………………………………….. ………………………………………….. ……
16. The man is her father. You met him last week.
The man whom You met last week is her father

_________________________________________________________________________.
17. Carta has a sister. Her sister’s name is Juma.

Carta has a sister whose name is Juma.

__________________________________________________________________________.
18.Show me the new hats. You bought them last night.

______ Show me the new hats which You bought last night.
___________________________________________________________________.
19.Huyen likes the blue T-shirt. My sister is wearing it.
________________________________________________________________________.
20.That is a company. It produces ring.
____________________________________________________________________________.
21.The children were attracted by the show. It was performed so many.
_____________________________________________________________________________.
22. Linda bought a new phone yesterday. I can use it to send and receive message.
_________________________________________________________________________.
23.Tet is a festival. Tet often happens in late January or early February.
_________________________________________________________________________.
24.My best friend can compose songs. Ly sings folk songs very well.
____________________________________________________________________________.
25.Cuong is the boy. He is giving my mom a gift.
__________________________________________________________________________.
26.The pub is opposite the Town Hall. I first met my wife there.
....................................................................................................................................
27.John has bought a house. There are ghosts in that house.
....................................................................................................................................
28.There are lots of bars and restaurants in the neighbourhood. I live in the neighbourhood.
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
29.I like the town. You live there.
........................................................................................................................................................................................
30.Do you know a restaurant? We can have a good meal there.
........................................................................................................................................................................................
31.I don’t remember the day. I left school on that day.
........................................................................................................................................................................................
32.Manchester is the largest city in USA. My brother lives there.
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
33.I’ve recently gone back to the town. I was born in the town.
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
34.Do you know the name of the hotel ? John is staying at the hotel.
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
35.We enjoy the city. We spent our vacation there.
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
36. 15th June is the day. I was born on that day.
............................................................................................................................................................

1. This is the house. The house has a big garden.

.........................................................................................................................................................
2. This is the house. I was born in the house.
.........................................................................................................................................................
3. May Day is the day. People hold a meeting on that day.
.........................................................................................................................................................
4. Ha Noi is the place. I’d like to come to Ha Noi.
.........................................................................................................................................................
5. Summer is the time. The weather is very hot then.
.........................................................................................................................................................
6. I don’t like Summer. It’s often hot then.
.........................................................................................................................................................
7. The bed was comfortable. I slept in it last night.
.........................................................................................................................................................
8. I never forget the park. We met each other for the first time at this park.
.........................................................................................................................................................
9. I do not know the reason. She left school for it.
.........................................................................................................................................................
10. We have not decided the day. I’ll go to London on that day.
.........................................................................................................................................................
11. Our school has a good laboratory. The students practice chemistry in the laboratory.
.........................................................................................................................................................
12. Our school has a good laboratory. Mr John designed it in
.........................................................................................................................................................
13. : is the time. My plane will arrive then.
.........................................................................................................................................................
14. I love my parents’ house. I was born in that house.
.........................................................................................................................................................
15. The book is a telephone directory. We can look up tel number in this book.
.........................................................................................................................................................
16. We first met in 1978. The revolution took place then.
.........................................................................................................................................................
17. This is the house. We have lived there for five years.
.........................................................................................................................................................
18. We often visit our friends in Brostol. It is only miles away.
.........................................................................................................................................................
19. We enjoy this city. It has been renewed a lot after the war.
 ……………………………………………………………………………………….

Relative clauses

Definite Re- clauses Non- definite Re- clauses

Relative pronouns Relative Adverbs

Ex1: Rewrite these sentences as one sentence using a relative clause

1. That's the boy. He is bilingual in English and Vietnamese.

2.This is the room.  We are having an English lesson in this room this evening.


3. The girl is reasonably good at English. Her father is my English teacher

4. Do you remember the year? you started to learn English in that year

5. The teacher is fluent in both English and French. You met her yesterday 

6. That's the reason. His English a bit rusty for this reason.

7. My friend plays the guitar. He has just released a CD.

8. Parts of the palace are open to the public. The queen lives there .

9. English has borrowed many words. They come from other languages.

10. I moved to a new school. English is taught by native teachers there.

11.  There are several reasons. I don't like Enqlish for these reasons.

12. The new girl in our class is reasonably good at  English. Her name is Mi.

13. Those are the stairs .  I broke my arm on those stairs.

14. There's a shop .  You can buy English books and CDs in this shop.

15. The English couple can get by in Vietnamese. They live next to us

(thể giao tiếp chút tiếng Việt)

16. There's a shop near my house . It sells cheap DVDs.

17. Look up the new words in the dictionary. It has just been published by Oxford
University Press.

18. Mr. Thomas has a nice accent and a good sense of humor. He is my first English
teacher.

19. The gentleman was very young. He was introduced as the most successful
businessman.

20. This English course is very helpful for me. The course focuses on developing
communicative skills.
Ex1. Choose the best answer:
1. She gives her children everything ..... they want.
A. that           B. who            C. whom             D. what
3. The place ......................... we spent our holiday was really beautiful.
A. what          B. who            C. where              D. which
4.What was the name of the girl…………..….passport was stolen?
A. whose         B. who            C. which              D. when

5. The bed ............o.......... I slept in was too soft.

A. whose         B. which           C. what               D. who
6. Nora is the only person ......................... understands me.
A. which         B. who            C. what                D. whose
7. Why do you always disagree with everything …………I say?
A. who          B. which           C. when                D. what
8. this is an awful film. It is the worst one……………I have never seen.
A. who          B. that             C. what                D. whom
9.The hotel ................…we stayed was not clean.
A. who          B. that             C. where               D. when
10. The last time ……….. I saw her, she looked very beautiful.
A. who          B. that             C. where               D. when

11. What was the name of the people ………….…car had broken down.
A. which         B. who            C. whom               D. whose
12. I recently went back to the town…I was born.
A. what          B. where          C. who                 D. which
13.The reason ........................... I phoned him was to invite him to a party.
A. what          B. whose          C. why                 D. which
14. I don’t agree with .................... you have just said.
A. what          B. who            C. when                D. which
15. She told me her address ........................ I wrote on a piece of paper.
A. what          B. which           C. when                D. where
16. The dress didn’t fit her, so she took it back to the shop ................... she had bought it.
A. where         B. which           C. what                 D. when
17. Do you know the girl ..............o............ Tom is talking to?
A. whom         B. what            C. which                D. whose
18.I gave her all the money ............................ I had.
A. that           B. what            C. when                 D. whose
19.The party .......................... we went to wasn’t very enjoyable.
A. who          B. when            C. that                   D. where
20.The stories .............................. Tom tells are usually very funny.
A. when         B. that              C. where                 D. who
21. I met the woman .........................s.... can speak 6 languages.
A. who          B. that              C. which                 D. whom
22. Have you seen the money ........................... was on the table?
A. who          B. which            C. where                 D. whom
23. Where is the picture ............................ was on the wall?
A. when         B. where            C. which                 D. who
24 .I don’t like people ............................ never stop talking.
A. who          B. which            C. whom                 D. whose
25.Why does she always wear clothes .............................. are too small for her?
A. which         B. who             C. whose                 D. where
26. The factory .................. John works in is the biggest in town.
A. when         B. where            C. which                 D. how
27. Have you ever seen the photographs ...................... Ann took?
A. that          B. where            C. when                  D. who
28. Everybody ........................ went to the party enjoyed it very much.
A. that          B. whose           C. which                  D. who
29. 1945 was the year ........................ the second world war ended.
A. which        B. why             C. when                  D. where
30. Is there a shop near hear ........................ I can buy a postcard?
A. when        B. which            C. where                  D. who
Ex2. Fill in the blanks with WHO, WHICH or THAT:
1. The men _______ lives next-door are English.
2. The dictionary _______ you gave me is very good.
3. Do you know the girls _______ are standing outside the church?
4. The police are looking for the thieve _______ got into my house last night.
5. The chocolate _______ you like comes from the United States.
6. I have lost the necklace _______ my mother gave me on my birthday.
7. A burglar is someone _______ breaks into a house and steals things.
8. Buses _______ go to the airport run every half hour.
9. I can’t find the key _______ opens this door.
10. I gave you a book _______ had many pictures.
11. I don’t like the boy _______ Sue is going out with.
12. Did you see the beautiful dress _______ she wore yesterday.
13. The man _______ she is going to marry is very rich.
14. This is the bank _______ was robbed yesterday.
15. He wore a mask _______ made him look like Mickey Mouse

Ex3. Fill in the blanks with WHO, WHICH or WHOSE:

1. He arrived with a friend ______ waited outside in the car.
2. The man ______ mobile was ringing did not know what to do.
3. The car ______ the robbers escaped in was a BMW.
4. The woman ______ daughter was crying tried to calm her down.
5. The postman ______ works in the village is very old.
6. The family ______ car was stolen last week is the Smiths.
7. The cowboy ______ is wearing a red shirt looks very funny.
8. A bus is a big car ______ carries lots of people.
9. The volunteers, ______ enthusiasm was obvious, finished the work quickly.
10. Children ______ like music are often good at mathematics.
11. The engineers ______ designed the building received an award.
12. The girl ______ recited the poem is my niece.
13. The townspeople, ______ pride in their community is well- known, raised enough money to
build a new town hall.
14. The Pacific Ocean, ______ might have been crossed by raft during the Stone Age, is the
world’s largest ocean.
15. The newspaper to ______ we subscribe is delivered regularly.