ATOMIC STRUCTURE

Arihant | Under Guidance : Shweta Ma’am | Class 9D

 Objectives of this session

• Historical development of atoms

• Subatomic particles of an atom

• Symbols of elements

• Electronic configuration

• Arrangement of electrons in a Carbon atom

• Arrangement of electrons in a sodium atom

• Quick recap
The Historical Development Of Atomic Models

• John Dalton – Imagine atom as a

indivisible tiny ball
• J.J. Thomson – Discovered
electrons
• Ernest Rutherford – Discovered
proton, mass of atom concentrated in
nucleus
• Neils Bohr – Proposed the
electrons move in shells around the
nucleus
• James Chadwick – Proved the
 Subatomic Particle In An Atom
Neutron

Proton Electron

Nucleus
of Electron
atom shells
 Symbol of an Element
40
Nucleon number
Proton number 20
Ca Symbol of element

-When an atom is neutral ,

its number of proton =
e-
- number of protons = 20
so number of elecrons =
20
- electron configuration =
 Electron Configuration

Electronic configuration is also

known as electron arrangement
and let us know how electrons fill
into the shells?
 Arrangement of shells in an atom

2 ELECTRONS

8 ELECTRONS

NUCLEUS 18 ELECTRONS

1
2
3 32 ELECTRONS
4
Conclusion on the electrons in a particular
atomic shell
• The maximum number of electrons present in a shell
is given by 2n2 where n is the orbit number like 1, 2,
3,..........

• But, the maximum number of electrons that can be

accommodated in the outermost orbit is 8.

•The filling of the shells takes place in a stepwise

manner. First, One shell is filled completely, Than the
next shell, and so on.
Electron arrangement in the
carbon atom

C
12  proton number = 6
number of protons = 6
6 number of electrons =
6
= electrons

nucleus

Number of valence
2.4 electrons = 4
Electron arrangement in a sodium atom

23  number of protons =

11 Na 11
 proton number = 11
 number of electrons =
11
= electron

Nucleus

Number of valence
electrons = 1 Symbol of element
2.8.1
 Quick recap
1.Proton number(atomic number): number of protons in the
nucleus of atom.
2.Nucleon number (Mass number):total number of protons
and neutrons in the nucleus of atom
3.Valence electron: the electrons in the outermost shell
4.Electron configuration – arrangement of electrons in the
shells of an atom
5. Number 0f electron= Number of Proton=atomic number
6. When an atom is neutral , proton has positive charge and
electron has negative charge and Neutron is neutral.