MODULE 2:

POETRY
LET’S LEARN THESE:
a. to know the meaning and the use of poetry,
b. to learn the difference of poetry and prose,
c. to classify different kinds of poetry,
d. to illustrate the elements of poetry,
e. to create a poem for their loved ones.
THERE ARE
MILLIONS OF ITS
DEFINITION,
HOWEVER,
PERSONALLY, WHAT
IS POETRY?
POETRY
• It is probably the most sophisticated of all
literary genres.
• It is the oldest of the arts.
• A poem is fundamentally a thought or a feeling
expressed in rhythmic and colorful languages.
• Poetry appeals to our imagination.
 ELEMENTS OF

Poetry
POETRY:

1. Senses and
Images
2. Diction
3. Rhyme Scheme
SENSES AND
IMAGES
THEY ARE USED BY THE WRITER TO
DESCRIBE THEIR IMPRESSIONS OF THEIR
TOPIC OR OBJECT OF WRITING.
• Visual Imagery- What the writer wants you to see.
• Olfactory Imagery- What the writer wants you to smell.
• Tactile Imagery- What the writer wants you to feel.
• Auditory Imagery- What the writer wants you to hear.
• Gustatory Imagery- What the writer wants you to taste.
 • VISUAL IMAGERY engages the sense of sight. Descriptions can be associated to
Visual Imagery. Physical attributes including color, size, shape, lightness and
darkness, shadows, and shade are all part of visual imagery. The text in italics are some
examples of lines using visual imagery.

Her phone signaled, immediately setting her teeth on edge. She looked at the broken screen,
saw his name, and slapped the phone back down on her desk.
Armani stretched across her couch, legs twitching excitedly, and he knew he must be
dreaming of the kittens he tries to capture every morning when he is at the dirty kitchen.

• GUSTATORY IMAGERY engages the sense of taste. Flavors are the considerations
in gustatory imagery which includes the five basic taste such as sweet, salty, bitter,
sour, and umami—as well as the textures and sensations tied to the act of eating.

The food tasted good.

The sweet pondant icing melted on my tongue. The word delightful came to mind.
Summer has always tasted like hot chocolate to me. His kisses tasted like
strawberries under the sun.
 •AUDITORY IMAGERY engages the sense of hearing. Sound devices such as
onomatopoeia and alliteration can help create sounds in writing.

Erick sat alone at the bench nearest the main door so he wouldn't miss Via. The room
was noisy. The clang of heavy dishes glided from the kitchen. Ice tinkled as it settled
in his water glass. His watch read 9:30. She wasn't coming.

•OLFACTORY IMAGERY engages the sense of smell. Simile is common in using

olfactory imagery, because it lets writers to compare a particular scent to common
smells like dirt, grass, manure, or roses. The use of scents and stinks are common
ways to use olfactory imagery.

The scent of “latik” when my mother cooks rice cake is really nostalgic to me.
The street going to their house stinks of manure and the courtyard of urine, the
stairwells stank of moldering wood and rat droppings.
 •TACTILE IMAGERY engages the sense of touch. The feel, textures and many
sensations a human being experiences when touching something are associated in
tactile imagery. Differences in temperature is also a part of tactile imagery.

When we quickly plunge into the cool water, it took our breath away and raised goose
bumps to our arms. We had had been swimming in this pond since we were kids.
DICTION
I T I S T H E D E N O TAT I V E A N D
C O N N O TAT I V E M E A N I N G O F T H E
WORDS IN A SENTENCE, PHRASE,
PA R A G R A P H , O R P O E M .
RHYME SCHEME
I T I S T H E WA Y T H E A U T H O R A R R A N G E S
W O R D S , M E T E R S , L I N E S , A N D S TA N Z A S
T O C R E AT E A C O H E R E N T S O U N D W H E N
THE POEM IS READ OUT LOUD.
RHYME SCHEME
IT IS THE STRUCTURE OF A RHYMING
PAT T E R N .
STANZA
STANZA
• A stanza us a group of lines in a poem. The
term stanza comes from the Italian word for a
room or a stopping place.
• Stanzas are a series of lines grouped together
and separated by an empty line from other
stanzas. They are the equivalent of a paragraph
in an essay.
 DIFFERENT

Stanzas
KINDS OF
STANZAS:
Couplet (2 lines)
Tercet (3 lines)
Quatrain (4 lines)
Cinquain (5 lines)
Sestet (6 lines) 
Septet (7 lines)
Octave (8 lines) 
Sonnet (14 lines)
DIFFERENT
KINDS OF
STANZAS:

Couplet (2 lines)
Couplet is a two
successive lines of verse
that form a single unit
because they rhyme.
DIFFERENT
KINDS OF
STANZAS:

Tercet (3 lines)
Tercet is a stanza
composed of three lines.
DIFFERENT
KINDS OF
STANZAS:

Quatrain (4 lines)
Quatrain is a stanza
composed of four lines.
DIFFERENT
KINDS OF
STANZAS:

Cinquain (5 lines)
Cinquain is a stanza
composed of five lines.
DIFFERENT
KINDS OF
STANZAS:

Sestet (6 lines) 
Sestet is a stanza
composed of six lines.
DIFFERENT
KINDS OF
STANZAS:

Septet (7 lines)
Septet or rhyme royal is a
stanza composed of seven
lines.
DIFFERENT
KINDS OF
STANZAS:

Octave (8 lines) 
Octave is a stanza
composed of eight lines.
DIFFERENT
KINDS OF
STANZAS:

Sonnet (14 lines) 
Sonnet is a stanza
composed of 14 lines.
LINES
LINES
•The lines in a poem are called
verses. The term verse comes from
the Latin word versus. It means the
same thing as a furrow.
 NAME OF
LINE
Metric is the art Monometer: 1
Dimeter: 2
or study of using Trimeter: 3

meter/syllabic Tetrameter: 4
Pentameter: 5

pattern in poetry. Hexameter: 6

Heptameter: 7
Octameter: 8
VERSIFICATION
VERSIFICATION
•In poetry, the practice of breaking
down the group of text into lines is
called versification. However,
poem can look like prose.
A poem may or may not FORMS OF
have a specific number of POETRY
lines, rhyme scheme and 1. Lyric Poetry
metrical pattern, but it can 2. Narrative Poetry
still be labeled according 3. Descriptive Poetry
to its form or style.
LYRIC POETRY
• A lyric poem is a comparatively short, non-
narrative poem in which a single speaker
presents a state of mind or an emotional state.
Lyric poetry retains some of the elements of
song which is said to be its origin: For Greek
writers the lyric was a song accompanied by
the lyre.
LYRIC POETRY
• It is any poem with one speaker who
expresses strong thoughts and feelings. Most
poems, especially modern ones, are lyric
poems.
• It involves personal and sentimental emotions.
UNDER LYRIC POETRY
• Ode is usually a lyric poem of moderate length,
with a serious subject, an elevated style, and an
elaborated stanza pattern.
-An example of an ode can talk about social and
political issues.
UNDER LYRIC POETRY
• Elegy is a lyric poem that mourns the dead.
-In elegy, you are using one of the figures of
speech which is onomatopoeia.
UNDER LYRIC POETRY
• Sonnet is a lyric poem consisting of 14
lines and, in the English version, is usually
written in iambic pentameter.
-Sonnets are often associated with William Shakespeare
and it uses often uses iambic pentameter. Italian sonnet
often called Petrarchan sonnet (Francesco Petrarcas)
and English sonnet Shakespearean sonnet (William
Shakespeare).
NARRATIVE POETRY
• It is a poem that tells a story; its structure
resembles the plot line of a story.
• Narrative poetry gives a verbal representation,
in verse, of a sequence of connected events, it
propels characters through a plot.
UNDER NARRATIVE POETRY
• Ballad is a narrative poem that has a musical
rhythm and can be sung. A ballad is usually
organized into quatrains or cinquains, has a
simple rhythm structure, and tells the tales of
ordinary people.
UNDER NARRATIVE POETRY
• A ballad is a song, originally transmitted
orally, which tells a story. It is an important
form of folk poetry which was adapted for
literary uses from the sixteenth century
onwards. The ballad stanza is usually a four-
line stanza, alternating tetrameter and trimeter.
UNDER NARRATIVE POETRY
• Epic is a long narrative poem in elevated style
recounting the deeds of a legendary or
historical hero.
UNDER NARRATIVE POETRY
• Epics usually operate on a large scale, both in
length and topic, such as the founding of a
nation (Virgil’s Aeneid) or the beginning of
world history (Milton's Paradise Lost), they
tend to use an elevated style of language and
supernatural beings take part in the action.  
DESCRIPTIVE POETRY
• It is a poem that describes the world that
surrounds the speaker. It uses elaborated
imagery and adjectives.
OTHER TYPES OF POEM
• Haiku has an unrhymed verse form
having three lines and usually 5,7,5 syllables,
respectively. It's usually considered a lyric
poem.

• Limerick has a very structured poem, usually

humorous and composed of five lines in an a-
a-b-b-a rhyming pattern.
RHYME
RHYME
• Rhyme refers to similarity of sounds of words.
• It is the repetition of similar sounds.
RHYTHM
RHYTHM
• A strong, regular repeated pattern of movement
or sound.
• Rhythm is how words are given stress or
emphasis in each line.
METER
METER
• Meter is the systematic regularity in rhythm; in
a layman’s term, it is the number of syllables in
a specific line.
BREATHING
BREATHING
• Breathing pattern in poetry follows the
beating of the heart. It sets the tone of the
poem.
PERSONA
PERSONA
• If in prose we have the speaker as the
narrator, in poetry, we have persona.
BLANK VERSE
BLANK VERSE
• Any poetry that has a set metrical pattern but
has no rhymes at all is a blank verse.
FREE VERSE
FREEE VERSE
• Although free verse is called free, it is not entirely free
because it also needs to observe a body of rules that
dictates its shape and sound. To write free verse is not
simply a matter of chopping sentences into random
linear fragments. The matter of how long or short a line
should depend on the natural system of breathing.
FREEE VERSE
• It is a characteristic of a poetry whereas it has
no definite structure at all: no rhyming pattern,
nor meter and rhythm.
PROSE POETRY
PROSE POETRY
• It is a poetry written in prose consisting
sentences and paragraphs instead of using verse
that has lines and meters.
• But, there is always an in-depth and deeper
meaning beyond each sentences.