Tensile Stress and Strain

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Tensile Stress and Strain Spec: 3.4.2.1

Learning Book: 189-190
Objective Define and calculate stress and strain
1. Prepare notes page

2. State Hooke’s Law
3. State the spring constant k for a system of two springs in parallel with spring
constant k1 and k2 respectively.
4. State the spring constant k for a system of two springs in series hanging
vertically with spring constant k1 and k2 respectively
5. How can you determine the volume of an irregular solid?
6. Measurement of 53.6N± 0.5% is made. Determine the absolute uncertainty
Stretch: A cylinder has radius 20cm and height 80cm. If is has a mass of 13kg, calculate its
density.
Oasis Academy South Bank 6th Form

02/08/2021
1. Prepare notes page
2. State Hooke’s Law force needed to stretch a spring is directly proportional to the extension
of the spring
3. State the spring constant k for a system of two springs in parallel with spring constant k 1 and
k2 respectively. k = k1 + k2
4. State the spring constant k for a system of two springs in series hanging vertically with
spring constant k1 and k2 respectively k =
5. How can you determine the volume of an irregular solid?
Hang object on thread, immerse object in liquid in a measuring cylinder, observe increase in
liquid level.
6. Measurement of 53.6N± 0.5% is made. Determine the absolute uncertainty ±0.268 N
density.
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density.

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Planners out:
Daily homework due next lesson:
1) Summary notes
2) Answer in full sentences all the learning objectives on p. 189
3) Q 1, 2 p. 191
For Tuesday:
Homework 5

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Success criteria
State the units for stiffness of an elastic object
Define tensile strength
Define tensile stress

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𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛( 𝑁 )
𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑙𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 = 2
𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 − 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 (𝑚 )
(Pa = Nm-2)
𝑇
σ =
𝐴

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𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 (𝑚)
𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑙𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛=
𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡h( 𝑚)
(No units)
Δ𝐿
ε =
𝐿

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Key Knowledge:
What does the word “tensile” refer to? Stretching an object
What does the word “compressive” refer to? Compressing an object
What does the word “compressive” refer to? Compressing an object
For a wire length L and cross-sectional area A, what is the tensile force per unit area of cross section in a solid perpendicular to the cross section
stress σ length L and cross-sectional area A, what is the tensile
For a wire force per unit area of cross section in a solid perpendicular to the cross section
stress
What isσ the equation to calculate tensile stress?
What is the equation to calculate tensile stress? σ= T
A
For a wire length L and cross-sectional area A, what is the tensile extension per unit length of a solid when deformed
strain ε?
For a wire length L and cross-sectional area A, what is the tensile extension per unit length of a solid when deformed
strain
What isε?the equation to calculate tensile strain?
ε = ΔL
L
What is the equation to calculate tensile strain?

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Example 1a: I do
Calculate the tensile stress in a wire of diameter 0.45mm when the tension in the wire is 55N
d = 0.45mm Step 1: Step 2:

= 0.45x10-3 m Calculate cross-sectional area Calculate tensile stress
T = 55 N A = πr2 σ= T
σ =? = A
= 1.59…x10-7 m2 = 55 .
1.59…x10-7
= 3.458…x108
= 340 MPa (2 sf)

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Example 1b: You do

Calculate the tensile stress in a wire of diameter 0.25mm when the tension in the wire is 25N
d = 0.25mm Step 1: Step 2:

= 0.25x10-3 m Calculate cross-sectional area Calculate tensile stress
T = 25 N A = πr2 σ= T
σ =? = A
= 4.908…x10-8 m2 = 25 .
4.908…x10-8
= 5.092…x108
= 510 MPa (2 sf)

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Example 1c: You do

Determine the tension applied to a wire with tensile stress 650 Pa and cross-sectional area
0.53cm2
T=? σ= T
σ = 660 Pa A
A = 0.53cm2 T = σA
= 0.53x10-4 m2 = 660 x 0.53x10-4
= 0.03498
= 0.035 N

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Example 2a: I do
A wire of length 3.75m extends by 0.65mm. Calculate the tensile strain
L = 3.75 m Calculate tensile strain

ΔL = 0.65 mm ε = ΔL
= 0.75x10-3 m L
ε=? = 0.75x10-3.
3.75
= 2.0x10-4 no units (2 sf)

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Example 2b: You do

A cable of length 16.5 m extends by 25 cm. Calculate the tensile strain
L = 16.5 m Calculate tensile strain

ΔL = 25 cm ε = ΔL
= 0.25 m L
ε=? = 0.25
16.5
= 0.01515….
= 0.015 no units (2sf)

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Example 2c: If a 17.1m wire is extended from 15.6m. Calculate the tensile strain in the wire
Calculate tensile strain

L1 = 17.1 m Step 1: calculate the extension ε = ΔL
L2 = 15.6 m ΔL = L1 – L2 L
ε=? = 17.1 – 15.6 = 1.5
= 1.5 m 15.6
= 0.09615…
= 0.0962 no units (3sf)

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Task: Complete the following questions
A strip of rubber originally 75 mm long is stretched until it is 100 mm long.

1. What is the tensile strain?
2. Why has the answer no units?
3. The greatest tensile stress which steel of a particular sort can withstand without breaking is about 109 N
m . A wire of cross-sectional area 0.01 mm2 is made of this steel. What is the greatest force that it can
-2
withstand?
4. Find the minimum diameter of an alloy cable, tensile strength 75 MPa, needed to support a load of 15
kN.
5. Calculate the tensile stress in a suspension bridge supporting cable, of diameter of 50 mm, which pulls
up on the roadway with a force of 4 kN.
6. Calculate the tensile stress in a nylon fishing line of diameter 0.36 mm which a fish is pulling with a
force of 20 N

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Self-assess
1) 0.33 no units
2) The tensile strain is a ratio, meaning that the units of the
numerator and denominator are the same thereby cancelling out.
3) 1.06x106 N
4) 1.6x10-2 m
5) 2.0x107 Pa
6) 2.0x108 Pa

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Task:
Complete the exam question

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Tensile Stress(iii) the
and Strain point / stress / strain / force or extension up to which
Spec: 3.4.2.1
either all energy supplied in stretching isBook:
Learning Define stress, strain and Young's Modulus 189-190
returned when
(deforming) forces are removed
or the object returns to its original shape when (deforming forces)

are removed
or beyond which further stress causes plastic deformation or

permanent deformation
(b) (i) tension / area B1
(2)
or force / area (perpendicular to the surface on which
the force acts)
or F / A with terms defined (condone loose definition of

area)
B1
(2)
(ii) extension / original length
or extension per unit length

B1
(2)

Tensile Stress and Strain

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02/08/2021

Tensile Stress and Strain Spec: 3.4.2.1

1. Prepare notes page

Oasis Academy South Bank 6th Form

Oasis Academy South Bank 6th Form

Oasis Academy South Bank 6th Form

Oasis Academy South Bank 6th Form

Oasis Academy South Bank 6th Form

Oasis Academy South Bank 6th Form

Oasis Academy South Bank 6th Form

Oasis Academy South Bank 6th Form

Oasis Academy South Bank 6th Form

d = 0.45mm Step 1: Step 2:

Oasis Academy South Bank 6th Form

Example 1b: You do

d = 0.25mm Step 1: Step 2:

Oasis Academy South Bank 6th Form

Example 1c: You do

Oasis Academy South Bank 6th Form

L = 3.75 m Calculate tensile strain

Oasis Academy South Bank 6th Form

Example 2b: You do

L = 16.5 m Calculate tensile strain

Oasis Academy South Bank 6th Form

Calculate tensile strain

Oasis Academy South Bank 6th Form

A strip of rubber originally 75 mm long is stretched until it is 100 mm long.

Oasis Academy South Bank 6th Form

Oasis Academy South Bank 6th Form

Oasis Academy South Bank 6th Form

or the object returns to its original shape when (deforming forces)

or beyond which further stress causes plastic deformation or

or F / A with terms defined (condone loose definition of

(ii) extension / original length

or extension per unit length

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