Before we

proceed, let me
check how well you
remember
Cartesian
coordinate plane.
Let us have
an activity…
 Directions: Name the parts of the
Cartesian plane using the given
definitions.

Name me!
x- axis
x – axis is the
horizontal line. Also
known as “Abscissa”

y- axis
y – axis
is the vertical
line. Also known as
“ordinate”

origin
• Origin is the
point of
intersection of the
coordinate axes.
 y - axis
y – axis
is the vertical
line. Also known as
x - axis “ordinate”

x – axis is the
horizontal line. Also
known as “Abscissa” origin
• Origin is the
point of
intersection of the
coordinate axes.
 (x, y) y - axis

x- coordinate y- coordinate
(abscissa ) (ordinate )
x - axis

Abscissa – tells the distance of

the point from the origin origin
measured along the x-axis.

Ordinate – tells the distance of

the point from the origin
measured along the y-axis.
Let us take
this
situation…
P (2, 5)

A private plane at
coordinates (2, 5),
needs to
immediately land at
the nearest airport.
 B
If two airports A and
(5, 10)
B are nearby with
A
coordinate (8, 6) and
(8, 6)
(5, 10), respectively.
P (2, 5)
 B

(5, 10)
A

(8, 6)

P (2, 5)

Where
should the
plane land?
The Distance and
Midpoint Formulas
What is
Distance
Formula?
 Distance Formula
It is a formula for computing the distance
 

between two points and in a coordinate plane.

 x2  x1    y2  y1 
2 2
d
Use the Distance Formula to find the distance between F(3, 2)
and G(-3, -1).
Use the Distance Formula to find the distance between F(3, 2)
and G(-3, -1).
2 2
𝑑 =√ ( 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 1) +( 𝑦 2 − 𝑦 1)
 

What is the
formula in
getting the
distance of the
line?
Use the Distance Formula to find the distance between F(3, 2)
and G(-3, -1).
2 2
𝑑 =√ ( 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 1) +( 𝑦 2 − 𝑦 1)
 

 
  , 2) (− 3 , − 1)
(3
 𝑥1  𝑦 1
 
 𝑥2  𝑦 2 The first thing
Let: you need to do
  𝑥1 =3 is to assign
  𝑦 1 =2 which is the
 𝑥2 =− 3

 𝑦 2=−1
=− 1
Use the Distance Formula to find the distance between F(3, 2)
and G(-3, -1).
2 2
𝑑 =√ ( 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 1) +( 𝑦 2 − 𝑦 1)
 

  , 2) (−
(3   3 , − 1)
 𝑥1  𝑦 1  𝑥2  𝑦 2

Let:
  𝑥1 =3 Second,
  𝑦 1 =2
substitute and
 𝑥2 =− 3
solve.
 𝑦 2=−1
=− 1
Use the Distance Formula to find the distance between F(3, 2)
and G(-3, -1).
2 2
𝑑 =√ ( 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 1) +( 𝑦 2 − 𝑦 1)
 

 
  , 2) (−
(3
 𝑥1  𝑦 1
  3 , − 1)
 𝑥2  𝑦 2
 
√
𝑑 =¿
 
   
−      2  
3
¿ −3 ¿ +¿ ¿
 
−1
     −  2    2
¿
Let: 𝑑 =¿ √
 
¿ −6 ¿ +¿ ¿ −3 ¿        2          2
 
  𝑥1 =3

  𝑦 1 =2
𝑑 =¿ √
 
36 +¿ 9      

 
 𝑥2 =− 3
𝑑 =¿ √
  45  
 𝑦 2=−1
=− 1
 
𝑑 ≈  6.71
 
 Another
example…
 Find the distance between (9, -1) and (6, 3)

2 2
Again, what is
 
𝑑 =√ ( 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 1) +( 𝑦 2 − 𝑦 1)
the formula in
finding the
istance of the
line?
 Find the distance between (9, -1) and (6, 3)

2 2
 
𝑑 =√ ( 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 1) +( 𝑦 2 − 𝑦 1)
  , −1)
(9  (6 , 3 )
 𝑥1  𝑦 1  𝑥2  𝑦 2

Let:
  𝑥1 =9

  𝑦 1 =− 1
  𝑥2 =6

  𝑦 2 =3
What is
the first
step?
 Find the distance between (9, -1) and (6, 3)

2 2
 
𝑑 =√ ( 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 1) +( 𝑦 2 − 𝑦 1)
  , −1)
(9  (6 , 3 ) What is
 𝑥1  𝑦 1  𝑥2  𝑦 2
the second
Let: step?
  𝑥1 =9

  𝑦 1 =− 1
  𝑥2 =6

  𝑦 2 =3
 Find the distance between (9, -1) and (6, 3)

2 2
𝑑 =√ ( 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 1) +( 𝑦 2 − 𝑦 1)
 

 
  , −1)
(9
 𝑥1  𝑦 1
 (6 , 3 )
 𝑥2  𝑦 2
 
¿6√
𝑑 =¿ − 9 ¿ +¿ ¿ 3 − (−1) ¿
 
 
         2              2

𝑑 =¿ ¿ 6 √− 9 ¿ +¿ ¿ 3 +¿ 1 ¿    2      2
   
Let:              
 
  𝑥1 =9
𝑑 =¿ √    2
   2  
  𝑦 1 =− 1
 
¿ −3 ¿ +¿ ¿ 4 ¿
 
 
 
   

  𝑥2 =6  
𝑑 =¿ √ 9 +¿ 16      
  𝑦 2 =3  
 𝑑 =¿ √
25  
 
 
𝑑 =¿   5
Let us have
the example
we had
earlier…
A private plane at coordinates (2, 5), needs to immediately land at the nearest airport. If
two airports A and B are nearby with coordinate (8, 6) and (5, 10), respectively, where should
the plane land?

(5, 10)
A

(8, 6)

P (2, 5)
A private plane at coordinates (2, 5), needs to immediately land at the nearest airport. If
two airports A and B are nearby with coordinate (8, 6) and (5, 10), respectively. Where
should the plane land?

(5, 10)
A What is
(8, 6)
asked in the
P (2, 5) problem?

We need to find the point closer to the

coordinates of the plane at P(2, 5).
A private plane at coordinates (2, 5), needs to immediately land at the nearest airport. If
two airports A and B are nearby with coordinate (8, 6) and (5, 10), respectively. Where
should the plane land?

(5, 10) Using the

A distance formula,
find PA and PB.
(8, 6)

P (2, 5)
A private plane at coordinates (2, 5), needs to immediately land at the nearest airport. If
two airports A and B are nearby with coordinate (8, 6) and (5, 10), respectively. Where
should the plane land?

2 2
 
𝑑 =√ ( 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 1) +( 𝑦 2 − 𝑦 1)
  P   A  
 𝑥1  𝑦 1  𝑥2
¿8√
 𝑦 2  𝑑 =¿
 
− 2 ¿ +¿ ¿ 6 − 5 ¿
 
         2              2

Let: 𝑑 =¿ √
 
¿ 6 ¿ +¿ ¿ 1 ¿  
 
   2          2

 
  𝑥1 =2

  𝑦 1 =5
𝑑 =¿ √
 
36 +¿ 1      
 
  𝑥2 =8 𝑑 =¿ √
  37  

  𝑦 2 =6
 
𝑃𝐴 ≈  6.08
A private plane at coordinates (2, 5), needs to immediately land at the nearest airport. If
two airports A and B are nearby with coordinate (8, 6) and (5, 10), respectively. Where
should the plane land?

(5, 10)
A

(8, 6)
 6.08
P (2, 5)
A private plane at coordinates (2, 5), needs to immediately land at the nearest airport. If
two airports A and B are nearby with coordinate (8, 6) and (5, 10), respectively. Where
should the plane land?

2 2
 
𝑑 =√ ( 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 1) +( 𝑦 2 − 𝑦 1)
  P   B  
 𝑥1  𝑦 1  𝑥2
¿5√
 𝑦 2  𝑑 =¿
 
− 2 ¿ +¿ ¿ 10 − 5 ¿
 
         2              2

Let: 𝑑 =¿ √
 
¿ 3 ¿ +¿ ¿ 5 ¿  
 
   2          2

 
  𝑥1 =2

  𝑦 1 =5
𝑑 =¿ √
 
9 +¿ 25      
 
  𝑥2 =5 𝑑 =¿ √
  34  

 𝑦 2=10
 
𝑃𝐵≈  5.83
A private plane at coordinates (2, 5), needs to immediately land at the nearest airport. If
two airports A and B are nearby with coordinate (8, 6) and (5, 10), respectively. Where
should the plane land?

(5, 10) Which airport

 5.83 A must the private
plane land?
(8, 6)
 6.08
P (2, 5)

The private plane must land at the

airport B with coordinates (5, 10).
 Another
example…
Matt and Zion walk from school to their respective homes after classes. Matt travels 3
blocks west and 3 blocks north, while Zion walks 5 blocks east and 2 blocks south to get
home. If the school is at (0, 0), how far is Matt’s house from Zion’s house?
Matt and Zion walk from school to their respective homes after classes. Matt travels 3
blocks west and 3 blocks north, while Zion walks 5 blocks east and 2 blocks south to get
home. If the school is at (0, 0), how far is Matt’s house from Zion’s house?

M (-3, 3)

S (0, 0)
In this case
we need to
Z (5, -2) have the
Cartesian
plane…
Matt and Zion walk from school to their respective homes after classes. Matt travels 3
blocks west and 3 blocks north, while Zion walks 5 blocks east and 2 blocks south to get
home. If the school is at (0, 0), how far is Matt’s house from Zion’s house?

What is
asked in the
problem?
M (-3, 3)

S (0, 0)

Z (5, -2)

We need to find distance between the

house of Matt and house of Zion.
 Matt and Zion walk from school to their respective homes after classes. Matt travels 3
blocks west and 3 blocks north, while Zion walks 5 blocks east and 2 blocks south to get
home. If the school is at (0, 0), how far is Matt’s house from Zion’s house?

2 2
 
𝑑 =√ ( 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 1) +( 𝑦 2 − 𝑦 1)
  M   Z  
 𝑥1  𝑦 1
¿ 5−√
 𝑥2  𝑦 2 𝑑 =¿ (−3) ¿ +¿ ¿ −2 − 3 ¿
 
 
         2             2

𝑑 =¿ ¿ 5+¿√
   2      2
3 ¿ +¿ ¿ −2 − 3 ¿
   
Let:              

 𝑥1 =− 3  

  𝑦 1 =3 𝑑 =¿ √
 
¿ 8 ¿ +¿ ¿ −5 ¿  
     2          2

 
𝑑 =¿ √
  𝑥2 =5

 𝑦 2=− 2
 
64 +¿ 25      
 
𝑑 =¿ √
  89  

 
𝑃𝐵≈  9.43
Matt and Zion walk from school to their respective homes after classes. Matt travels 3
blocks west and 3 blocks north, while Zion walks 5 blocks east and 2 blocks south to get
home. If the school is at (0, 0), how far is Matt’s house from Zion’s house?

M (-3, 3)

 9.43

Z (5, -2)

Therefore, the distance between

matt’s house and Zion’s house is 9.43
blocks.
Again, how do
we get the
distance of a
segment?
 Distance Formula
It is a formula for computing the distance
 

between two points and in a coordinate plane.

 x2  x1    y2  y1 
2 2
d
1 Point R is at (10, 15) and point S is at (6, 20). What is the
distance RS?
1 Point R is at (10, 15) and point S is at (6, 20). What is the
distance RS?
2 2
 
𝑑 =√ ( 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 1) +( 𝑦 2 − 𝑦 1)
  R   S  
 𝑥1  𝑦 1  𝑥2  𝑦 2   𝑑 =¿ ¿ 6−√
 
10 ¿ +¿ ¿ 20 − 15 ¿
          2              2

Let: 𝑑 =¿ √
 
¿ −4 ¿ +¿ ¿ 5 ¿ 
 
   2          2

 𝑥1 =10  

  𝑦 1 =15
 
𝑑 =¿ √ 16 +¿ 25      
 
  𝑥2 =6 𝑑 =¿ √
 
41  
 𝑦 2=20
  𝑅𝑆 ≈  6.40
2 Find the distance between (-2, 3) and (-7, -7).
2 Find the distance between (-2, 3) and (-7, -7).

2 2
 
𝑑 =√ ( 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 1) +( 𝑦 2 − 𝑦 1)
(  −2 , 3 ) (  −7 ,  −7 )  
 𝑥1  𝑦 1  𝑥2  𝑦 2  
¿ √ ¿ +¿ ¿ −7 − 3 ¿
𝑑 =¿ −7 − (−2)
 
 
         2             2

𝑑 =¿ ¿ −7 +¿√
   2      2
2 ¿ +¿ ¿ −7 − 3 ¿
     
Let:            

 𝑥1 =− 2  

  𝑦 1 =3 𝑑 =¿ √
 
¿ −5 ¿ +¿ ¿ −10 ¿  
     2          2

 
𝑑 =¿ √
 𝑥2 =− 7

 𝑦 2=−7
=− 7
 
25 +¿ 100      
 
𝑑 =¿ √
  125  

 
𝑑 ≈ 11.18
 
3 Find the distance
between each pair of
points.

  , 0)
(2

  , −2)
(0
3 Find the distance
between each pair of
points.
 
𝑑 =√ ( 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 1) +( 𝑦 2 − 𝑦 1)
2 2

 
 
¿ 2 −√
𝑑 =¿ 0 ¿ +¿ ¿ 0 − (−2) ¿
 
 
         2              2

𝑑 =¿ ¿ 2 −√
   2      2
0 ¿ +¿ ¿ 0 +¿ 2 ¿
               
 
  , 0)
(2
 
  , −2)
(0
𝑑 =¿ √
 
¿ 2 ¿ +¿ ¿ 2 ¿  
 
   2          2

 
𝑑 =¿ √
 
4 +¿ 4      

Let:  

  𝑥1 =0 𝑑 =¿ √
  8  

(  0 ,  −2 )  ( 2 ,  0 )
 𝑥1  𝑦 1  𝑥2  𝑦 2   𝑦 1=− 2   𝑑 ≈  2.83
  𝑥2 =2

  𝑦 2 =0
 Let us
proceed to
the Midpoint
Formula…
 What is
midpoint?

Midpoint is the
middle point of
a line segment
Let us have
this number
line…
 The coordinates of a
midpoint are the
averages of the
coordinates of the
− 1+ 3
  2
  endpoints of the
2 ¿
 
2 segment.
¿1
 
 Midpoint Formula
The midpoint M of segment AB with endpoints A
 

() and B () is found by:

  𝑥1 + 𝑥 2
𝑥=   𝑥 1 + 𝑥2 𝑦 1+ 𝑦 2
2
  𝑦 1+ 𝑦2
𝑀 ( 2
,
2 )
𝑦=
2
Find the midpoint of for Q (-3, 6) and R (7, -4).
 
Find the midpoint of for Q (-3, 6) and R (7, -4).
 

  Q   R  
 𝑥1  𝑦 1  𝑥2  𝑦 2
You need to
Let: assign which is
 𝑥1 =− 3
the
  𝑦 1 =6
  𝑥2 =7

 𝑦 2=− 4
Find the midpoint of for Q (-3, 6) and R (7, -4).
 

  𝑥 1 + 𝑥2 𝑦 1+ 𝑦 2

  Q   R
𝑀 ( 2
,
2 )
 𝑥1  𝑦 1  𝑥2  𝑦 2

Let:
 𝑥1 =− 3

  𝑦 1 =6 What is the
  𝑥2 =7 formula in
 𝑦 2=− 4 getting the
midpoint of a
line?
Find the midpoint of for Q (-3, 6) and R (7, -4).
 

  𝑥 1 + 𝑥2 𝑦 1+ 𝑦 2

  Q   R
𝑀 ( 2
,
2 )
 𝑥1  𝑦 1  𝑥2  𝑦 2

Let: Second,
 𝑥1 =− 3
substitute
  𝑦 1 =6
  𝑥2 =7
and solve.
 𝑦 2=− 4
Find the midpoint of for Q (-3, 6) and R (7, -4).
 

  𝑥 1 + 𝑥2 𝑦 1+ 𝑦 2

  Q   R
𝑀
2 ( ,
2 )
 𝑥1  𝑦 1  𝑥2  𝑦 2
−3+7 , 6+(−4)
¿ ¿
       
     

Let: 𝑀
 
2 2
 𝑥1 =− 3
−3+7 ,   6  − 4
¿ ¿
     
 
  𝑦 1 =6 𝑀
 
2 2
  𝑥2 =7
4 ,    2
¿ ¿
       
 𝑦 2=− 4  
𝑀
 
2 2

𝑀
 
¿2 , 1¿
 
     
 
Find the midpoint of for Q (-3, 6) and R (7, -4).
 

Q (-3, 6)

M (2, 1)

R (7, -4)
 Another
example…
What is the midpoint of the segment joining
A(8, 3) and B(2, 7)?
What is the midpoint of the segment joining
A(8, 3) and B(2, 7)?
  𝑥 1 + 𝑥2 𝑦 1+ 𝑦 2

  A   B
𝑀
2 ( ,
2 )
 𝑥1  𝑦 1  𝑥2  𝑦 2
8+2 , 3+7
¿ ¿
       
     

Let: 𝑀
 
2 2
  𝑥1 =8
10 ,   10
¿ ¿
     
   
  𝑦 1 =3 𝑀
 
2 2
  𝑥2 =2

  𝑦 2=7 𝑀
 
¿5 , 5¿
 
     
 
What is the midpoint of the segment joining
A(8, 3) and B(2, 7)?
B (2, 7)

M (5, 5)

A (8, 3)
1 What is the midpoint of the segment joining A(-4, 2) and
B(6, -8)?
1 What is the midpoint of the segment joining A(-4, 2) and
B(6, -8)?
  𝑥 1 + 𝑥2 𝑦 1+ 𝑦 2

  A   B
𝑀
2 ( ,
2 )
 𝑥1  𝑦 1  𝑥2  𝑦 2
− 4+6 , 2+(− 8)
¿ ¿
       
     

Let: 𝑀
 
2 2
 𝑥1 =− 4
2 −6
¿ ¿
       

  𝑦 1 =2
  ,   
𝑀
 
2 2
  𝑥2 =6

 𝑦 2=− 8 𝑀
 
¿ 1 , −3¿
 
    
 
2
 
Find the midpoint of the for and
2
 
Find the midpoint of the for and

A   𝑥 1 + 𝑥2 𝑦 1+ 𝑦 2
 
 𝑥1  𝑦 1 𝑀
2 ( ,
2 )
  B
 𝑥2

¿
 
 𝑦 2
+¿ (2− 𝑚) (𝑚 − 𝑛) +¿ (𝑛 −𝑚 )
¿
           
(2+𝑚)
 

𝑀 ,
 
Let:  
2  2 
  𝑥1 =2 +m
𝑛 −𝑚
𝑚− 𝑛
¿
 
2+𝑚 2 −𝑚 +¿
¿
   
 𝑦 1 =m − n
 
+¿    
,
 
   

𝑀
 
2  2 
 𝑥2 =2 − m

4 0
¿ ¿
       
 𝑦 2=n − m   ,   
𝑀
 
2 2

𝑀
 
¿2 , 0¿
 
     
 
3
 
Find the midpoint of the

F (-3, 1)

(-3, 1)

S (1, -4)
3 Find the midpoint of the
 

  𝑥 1 + 𝑥2 𝑦 1+ 𝑦 2
F (-3, 1)
𝑀
2 ( ,
2 )
−3+1 , 1+(− 4)
¿ ¿
       
     
S (1, -4) 𝑀
 
2 2

−2 ,  −3
¿ ¿
       
   
𝑀
 
2 2
Let:
(  −3 ,  1 ) (  1 ,  −4 )
 𝑥1  𝑦 1  𝑥2  𝑦 2
 𝑥1 =− 3

  𝑦 1 =1
𝑀 −1 ,
 
¿
 
    −
  3 
2 ¿
  𝑥2 =1

 𝑦 2=− 4
• Infographic Style

Let us
summarize!
 Distance Formula
It is a formula for computing the distance
 

between two points and in a coordinate plane.

 x2  x1    y2  y1 
2 2
d
 Midpoint Formula
The midpoint M of segment AB with endpoints A
 

() and B () is found by:

  𝑥1 + 𝑥 2
𝑥=   𝑥 1 + 𝑥2 𝑦 1+ 𝑦 2
2
  𝑦 1+ 𝑦2
𝑀 ( 2
,
2 )
𝑦=
2
Directions: Answer Math Skills Milestones Letter A numbers 1, 2, 3
and letter B numbers 1, 2, and 6 on page 229. SHOW YOUR
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS.