DATA REPRESENTATION

AND INTERPRETATION

Mathematics
Grade 9
J.W.S.Y. Boteju
DATA REPRESENTATION AND
INTERPRETATION
UNGROUPED FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION

E G : T H E F O L L O W I N G A R E T H E W E I G H T S ( I N KG . ) O F 1 2 A D U LT
MALES
80
84
73
1. What is the range of this data?
58 2. Construct an ungrouped frequency
54
73
distribution using this data.
51 3. Find the mode of the data set.
58 4. Find the median of the data set.
51
80 5. Find the mean weight of an adult
58 male.(to the nearest whole
69
number).
Range
The range is the difference between the highest and lowest values in a set of numbers
Range = the highest value – the lowest value = 84 – 51 = 33

Weight Tally Marks No of adults

(frequency) * The frequency of a
// value is the number of
51 2
times that value occurs
54 / 1 in the data set.
58 /// 3
69 / 1 * A frequency
// distribution table that
73 2
shows the frequency of
80 // 2 each individual value in
84 / 1 the given data is called
an ungrouped frequency
distribution table.
 MODE

The mode of a set of data is simply the value that appears most

frequently in the set.
The word modal is often used when referring to the mode of a data set.
If a data set has only one value that occurs most often, the set is
called unimodal.
A data set that has two values that occur with the same greatest
frequency is referred to as bimodal.
When a set of data has more than two values that occur with the same
greatest frequency, the set is called multimodal.

Mode of the given data set = 58

MEDIAN
  The median is the number that falls in the middle position once
the data has been organized. Organized data means the
numbers are arranged from smallest to largest or from largest
to smallest.
Find the middle position When the total number of data is an odd number

Find the middle position When the total number of data is an even number
and + 1

Median of the above data set =

MEAN
The "average" number; found by adding all data points and dividing by
the number of data points.
Weight (x) Frequency (f) fx
51 2 51 × 2 = 102
54 1 54 × 1 = 54
58 3 58 × 3 = 174
69 1 69 × 1 = 69
73 2 73 × 2 = 146
80 2 80 × 2 = 160
84 1 84 × 1 = 84
12 789

 The sum of the data values = 789

The mean of the data set =

= 65.75
 GROUPED FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTIONS
The ungrouped data approach becomes very hard with large values of number. So we
make groups of suitable size to put the data in a more condensed form and mention
the frequency of each group. Such a table is called a grouped frequency distribution
table.
Class Interval - The groupings used to group the values in given data are called classes or
class-intervals. 
Class size - The number of values that each class contains is called the class size or class
width.
When we have decided on the number of class intervals, the size of the class intervals can
be obtained as follows.
• Find the range of the data set.
• Divide the range by the size of a class interval.
• The number of class intervals is the nearest whole number greater or equal to the above
obtained value.
The marks obtained by 30 students in a class in a physics examination are given below;
20, 8, 31, 17, 40, 41, 28, 11, 41, 22, 13 ,16, 15, 19, 10, 32, 33, 22, 26, 31, 12, 31, 45,
49,54,52,53,57,56,58
Range = 58 – 8 = 50
Lets take number of class intervals as 5
Class size = 50/5 = 10
***When you get a whole number for class size ( without rounding off it to the
nearest whole number) , add 1 to the decided number of class intervals.
Therefore, no of class intervals = 5+1 =6

Marks Frequency
1 - 10 2
11- 20 8
21- 30 4
31-40 5
41 -50 5
51 -60 6

However, if we have a data set consisting of values which are lengths or

times or masses, it is necessary to start the second class interval with the
value that the first class interval ends, to start the third class interval with
the value that the second class interval ends, and so on.
Eg. The heights of 60 students, measured to the nearest centimeters. The values are
shown below
161 150 154 165 168 161 154 162 150 151
162 164 171 165 158 154 156 172 160 170
153 159 161 170 162 165 166 168 165 164
154 152 153 156 158 162 160 161 173 166
161 159 162 167 168 159 158 153 154 159
162 158 161 167 169 154 156 151 154 159
(i) Represent the data given above by a grouped frequency distribution table,
(ii) Find the mode.
(iii) Find median.
Range = 173-150 =23
No of class intervals = 5
Class size = 23/5= 4.6 greater whole number =5
Therefore class size =5
Height (cm) Tally marks No of students
//// //// ////
150-155 15

//// //// //
155-160 12
//// //// //// /
160-165 16
//// //// //
165-170 12

170-175 //// 5

It is not necessary to include the tally marks column in a frequency distribution

Here, the first class interval ends with 155 and the second class interval commences with the
same value 155. A question arises as to which class interval the value 155 belongs. The value
155 can be taken to belong to either one of these two intervals. However, it is important to
state the convention that is being used.
For a Eg: the values greater than 150 but less than or equal to 155 belong to the class interval
150 -155, the values greater than 155 but less than or equal to 160 belong to the class
interval 155 – 160, etc.