MESTER.

AN D MECHATRONICS ENGINEERING; FIFTH SE

MECHANICAL
NUMERICAL METHODS

T HOD
UEZ LINARES

M E
JUAN ROBERTO VELÁZQ

SECANT
NEDA
LUIS FABIAN IBAÑEZ PI
NCIA LEURETTE
PABLO SALVADOR VALE
Z
REBECA GARCÍA MÉNDE
NEZ REYES
SAMUEL FABIAN MARTÍ
FONSECA
TEACHER:PIERO RANGEL
DATE: 21/09/2020
 DEFINITION
THE SECANT METHOD IS A ROOT-FINDING ALGORITHM THAT USES A SUCCESSION OF ROOTS OF SECANT
LINES TO BETTER APPROXIMATE A ROOT OF A FUNCTION F. HE SECANT METHOD CAN BE THOUGHT OF AS A
FINITE-DIFFERENCE APPROXIMATION OF NEWTON'S METHOD. THE METHOD WAS DEVELOPED
INDEPENDENTLY OF NEWTON'S METHOD AND PREDATES IT BY OVER 3000 YEARS
 DIFFERENCES BETWEEN NEWTON-RAPHSON METHOD
AND SECANT METHOD
• IT IS A VARIATION OF THE NEWTON-RAPHSON METHOD WHERE INSTEAD OF CALCULATING THE DERIVATIVE OF THE FUNCTION AT THE
STUDY POINT, KEEPING IN MIND THE DEFINITION OF DERIVATIVE, THE SLOPE OF THE LINE IS APPROXIMATED BY A FUNCTION AT THE
STUDY POINT AND AT THE POINT OF THE PREVIOUS ITERATION.

• THE SECANT METHOD CAN BE THOUGHT OF AS A SIMPLIFICATION OF THE NEWTON-RAPHSON METHOD. INSTEAD OF TAKING THE
DERIVATIVE OF THE FUNCTION WHOSE ROOT WE WANT TO FIND, IT IS APPROXIMATED BY A LINE SECANT TO THE CURVE, WHOSE
SLOPE IS APPROXIMATELY EQUAL TO THE DERIVATIVE IN THE STARTING POINT.

• THIS METHOD IS OF SPECIAL INTEREST WHEN THE COMPUTATIONAL COST OF DERIVING THE STUDY FUNCTION AND EVALUATING IT
IS TOO HIGH, SO THAT NEWTON'S METHOD IS NOT ATTRACTIVE.

The main difference with the previous method is to know two

points of the function to be able to generate such a line.
 OBJECTIVES
• DERIVE THE SECANT METHOD TO SOLVE FOR THE ROOTS OF A NONLINEAR EQUATION
• USE THE SECANT METHOD TO NUMERICALLY SOLVE A NONLINEAR EQUATION.
 THE SECANT METHOD IS
EF INED B Y THE R EC URRE NCE
D
RELATION
 ADVANTAGES OF SECANT METHOD:

• IT CONVERGES AT FASTER THAN A LINEAR RATE, SO THAT IT IS MORE RAPIDLY CONVERGENT THAN THE
BISECTION METHOD.

• IT DOES NOT REQUIRE USE OF THE DERIVATIVE OF THE FUNCTION, SOMETHING THAT IS NOT AVAILABLE IN
A NUMBER OF APPLICATIONS.

• IT REQUIRES ONLY ONE FUNCTION EVALUATION PER ITERATION, AS COMPARED WITH NEWTON’S METHOD
WHICH REQUIRES TWO.
 DISADVANTAGES OF SECANT METHOD

• IT MAY NOT CONVERGE.

• THERE IS NO GUARANTEED ERROR BOUND FOR THE COMPUTED ITERATES.
•  IT IS LIKELY TO HAVE DIFFICULTY IF THIS MEANS THE X-AXIS IS TANGENT TO THE GRAPH OF
• NEWTON’S METHOD GENERALIZES MORE EASILY TO NEW METHODS FOR SOLVING SIMULTANEOUS
SYSTEMS OF NONLINEAR EQUATIONS.
EXAMPLE
LET’ S W O RK !
YOU CAN DO IT ;)
𝑎=𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡
  𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑋   2=𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑎𝑐h   𝑓 (𝑎) (𝑏 − 𝑎)   𝑋 2 −𝑎
𝑏=
  𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑣𝑖𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑖=𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
  𝑋 2= 𝑎 − 𝐸𝑟= ∗100
𝑓 (𝑏) − 𝑓 (𝑎 ) 𝑋2

 Solve the equation below using Secant Method: i a b Er

1 7 5
𝑎=𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡
  𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑋   2=𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑎𝑐h   𝑓 (𝑎) (𝑏 − 𝑎)   𝑋 2 −𝑎
𝑏=
  𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑣𝑖𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑖=𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
  𝑋 2= 𝑎 − 𝐸𝑟= ∗100
𝑓 (𝑏) − 𝑓 (𝑎 ) 𝑋2

 Solve the equation below using Secant Method: i a b Er

1 7 5 24 6 4.33 -61.66%

2
 𝑓 ( 7)= ( 7 ) − 3 (7 ) − 4=24 ∴ 𝑓 𝑎 =24

2
 𝑓 ( 5)= ( 5 ) − 3 ( 5 ) − 4=6 ∴ 𝑓 𝑏=6
 
𝑋 2= ( 7 ) −
( 24 ) ( 5− 7 )
( 6 ) − ( 24 )
= 4.33
FIRST
ITERATION
  ( 4.33 −7)
𝐸𝑟= ∗100=− 61.66 %
4.33
 𝑎=𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡
  𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑋   2=𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑎𝑐h   𝑓 (𝑎) (𝑏 − 𝑎)   𝑋 2 −𝑎
𝑏=
  𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑣𝑖𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑖=𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
  𝑋 2= 𝑎 − 𝐸𝑟= ∗100
𝑓 (𝑏) − 𝑓 (𝑎 ) 𝑋2
𝑓  (𝑥) = 𝑥2 −3 𝑥 − 4 (7,5)

  i a b Er
So:
1 7 5 24 6 4.33 -61.66%

i a b Er
2
 𝑓 (4.33) =( 4.33 ) − 3 ( 4.33 ) − 4=1.76 2 4.33 7 1.76 24 4.12 -5.097%

Second
  ( 1.76 ) ( 7 −4.33 )
𝑋 2= ( 4.33 ) − =4.12
( 24 ) − ( 1.76 )

  ( 4.12− 4.33)

ITERATION
𝐸𝑟= ∗ 100=− 5.097 %
4.12
𝑎=𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡
  𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑋   2=𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑎𝑐h   𝑓 (𝑎) (𝑏 − 𝑎)   𝑋 2 −𝑎
𝑏=
  𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑣𝑖𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑖=𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
  𝑋 2= 𝑎 − 𝐸𝑟= ∗100
𝑓 (𝑏) − 𝑓 (𝑎 ) 𝑋2
𝑓  (𝑥) = 𝑥2 −3 𝑥 − 4 (7,5)

  i a b Er
So: 2 4.33 7 1.76 24 4.12 -5.097%

i a b Er

 𝑓 ( 4.12) = ( 4.12 )
2
− 3 ( 4.12 ) − 4=0.61 3 4.12 4.33 0.61 1.76 4.00 -3%

 
𝑋 2= ( 4.12 ) −
( 0.61 )( 4.33 −4.12 )
( 1.76 ) − ( 0.61 )
=4 Third ITERATION
  ( 4.00 −4.12)
𝐸𝑟= ∗ 100=− 3 % When X is equal 4, Y will be
4.00
 𝑓 2
(4 )=(4) − 3 ( 4 ) − 4=0 0. So the result is 4 with a
relative error from -3%
 REFERENCE
• ALLEN, MYRON B.; ISAACSON, ELI L. (1998). NUMERICAL ANALYSIS FOR APPLIED SCIENCE. JOHN WILEY &
SONS. PP. 188–195.

• UNIVERSITY OF IOWA. (N.D.). THE SECANT METHOD. THE SECANT METHOD. RETRIEVED SEPTEMBER 19,
2020, FROM HTTP://HOMEPAGE.MATH.UIOWA.EDU/~WHAN/3800.D/S3-3.PDF

• SECANT METHOD - NUMERIC METHOD. (N.D.). SECANT METHOD - NUMERIC METHOD. RETRIEVED
SEPTEMBER 19, 2020, FROM HTTPS://SITES.GOOGLE.COM/A/NUMERICMETHOD.COM/WWW/ABOUT-
NUMERICAL-METHODS/ROOTS-OF-EQUATIONS/SECANT-METHOD