PUBLIC HEALTH

SOCIAL SCIENCES

Comprehensive School
Health Services

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 Comprehensive-School-Health-in-a-Nutshell.mp4

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AFTER ATTENDING THIS LECTURE,THE
STUDENTS WILL BE ABLE TO:

 Describe the modern concept of SHS

 Evaluate the school child health problems
 Name and explain the objectives of SHS
 Analyze and explain the different aspects of
School Health Services

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School Health Services
 A branch of preventive medicine
 Is a continuation of the health services of
the pre-school child from the maternal and
child health welfare center

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MODERN CONCEPT - SHS
 SHS is an economical and powerful means of raising
community health and more important in FUTURE
GENERATIONS…… How?
 Present day broader concept – comprehensive care of
the health and well being of children throughout the
school years - Students become lifelong health workers

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SCHOOL CHILD -
HEALTH PROBLEMS
 Vary from one place to another – culture,
available resources – money, material,
manpower
 MALNUTRITION
 INFECTIONS
 SKIN, ENT, EYE
 DENTAL
 INTESTINAL PARASITES
 GROWTH
 CONGENITAL ANOMALIES
 PSYCHOLOGICAL/BEHAVIORAL – Autism, Attention deficit
hyperactivity disorders etc.

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OBJECTIVES – S H S
 Positive health promotion
 Prevention
 Early diagnosis, treatment and follow-up
 Health consciousness awakening in
children
 Healthy environment - provision

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S H S – DIFFERENT ASPECTS ,
12 POINTS TO REMEMBER
 1.HEALTH APPRAISAL OF SCHOOL CHILDREN / PERSONNEL

 Periodic medical examination by a doctor and observation of

children by class teacher
 Thorough initial examination, careful history, physical examination,
vision, hearing, speech included
 Routine blood , urine , stool examination
 Height / weight quarterly exam
 Vision – yearly exam
 Apparent change in behavioral pattern [reported by teacher/parents
or peer group]

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12 - points

 2.FOLLOW–UP AND REMEDIAL MEASURES Examination should

be followed by appropriate treatment and follow-up, special clinics
exclusively for children in the rural areas be considered/ selected
school in urban areas for 5000 children

 3.COMMUNICABLE DISEASES PREVENTION The most

emphasized SHS function is control through IMMUNIZATION

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12 – POINTS cont’d
 4. HEALTHY SCHOOL ENVIRONMENT
 A. Location Centrally placed , proper approach roads, fair distance from busy
places /roads/cinemas/factories/railway track/market places/polluted areas
 B. Site Suitable height, proper drainage, inundation/dampness, playing areas
available
 C. Structure Nurseries/secondary schools ideally single storied, exterior walls
10 inch thick/heat resistant
 D. Class-rooms attached verandahs, no more than 40 students in a class, per
capita space not less than 10 sq. foot
 E. Furniture Suits age group, desks, chairs with back rest
 F. Doors & windows Combined area should be 25 % of the floor area , cross
ventilation
 G. Color Neutral colors, Lighting, safe and potable water supply, eating
facilities, lavatory 01 urinal for 60 and 01 latrine for 100 students, separate
arrangement for boys and girls

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12 POINTS , cont’d
 5.NUTRITIONAL SERVICES
Nutritional disorders / deficiencies are widely prevalent. Mid-day school
meals, NGOs participation, UNICEF nutrition program
[persuasion by health planners and executives is important]

 6.FIRST AID AND EMERGENGY CARE

Responsibility mainly lies on teachers,
proper training to teachers should be imparted

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12 POINTS cont’d
 7.MENTAL HEALTH
Mental heath effects the physical health as well as the learning
process. Emerging problems are maladjustments, addiction,
juvenile delinquency
 School is the most strategic place for shaping behavior and mental
health
 School routine should be planned, that there is enough relaxation
between periods of intense work
 No distinction between the rich/poor, race, religion, caste,
community, clever/dull
 Need of vocational counselors / psychologists for
career/psychological counseling

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12 POINTS - cont’d
 8. DENTAL HEALTH Children are frequent sufferers of diseases &
defects – caries/ periodontal. SHS should have provision for dental
examination at least once a year. Dental hygienists role

 9. EYE HEALTH Services Basic eye services should be provided.

Early detection of refractive errors/ squints , infections , trachoma
vitamin A administration to children at risk

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12 POINTS - cont’d
10. HEALTH EDUCATION

 The most imp element of SHS, the goal should

be a desirable change in the attitude, knowledge & practice of
hygiene.
 Should cover 1] Personal hygiene, clothes, skin, teeth, correct
postures while standing/sitting 2] Environmental health , encourage
participation in health activities 3] Family life education / attitudes
towards human reproduction
 Teachers should be trained
 Health education material
 EVERY SCHOOL CHILD SHOULD BE A HEALTH WORKER

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12 POINTS - cont’d
11. EDUCATION OF HANDICAPPED CHILDREN The aim is to assist the
child so he/she attains the maximum potential, to lead as normal a life as
possible, to become independent as much as possible, to become a
productive and self supporting member of the society.
* Teamwork of health, welfare, social and educational agencies

12. SCHOOL HEALTH RECORDS Cumulative record should be maintained

of every child ,1] Identifying data, name, DOB, parents name address, etc.
2] Past health history 3] Physical exam/ lab tests and services provided
* Provide a useful link between home, school and community and
evaluation of SHS

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POINTS TO PONDER
 In developed countries SHS is a part of
educational systems
 Pakistan health planners/executives
should not overlook/neglect/
underestimate its importance
 In rural areas it can be a part of Primary
health centers

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 dOes iT ReAllY
MaTtEr ?
If a drop of rain falls in a lake, it loses its
identity
If it falls on a rose it shines
If it falls in a shell, it becomes a PEARL

THE DROP IS THE SAME, BUT THE

COMPANY MATTERS
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