Professional Documents
Culture Documents
TOXICOLOGY
29 CFR 1910
WELCOME
COURSE OBJECTIVES
Provide an Introduction to Toxicology
Discuss Toxicology's Role in Today’s Industry.
Discuss General Terms Used in Toxicology.
Discuss the Routes of Entry Into the Human Body.
Discuss the Types of Hazards and Effects.
Discuss the Types of Effects Upon the Human Body.
Discuss Hazard Recognition & Control Skills.
GENERAL TERMS
INDUSTRIAL
TOXICOLOGY
SPECIFIC GRAVITY (Continued)
Many chemicals are soluble in water, but when the liquid does
not appreciably dissolve in water, the term immiscible is used.
WATER
WATER
VAPOR PRESSURE(Continued)
ACID BASE
INTRODUCTION TO TOXICOLOGY
HAZARDOUS WASTE
START DATE:______________
AMOUNT:__________________
CONTENTS:________________
HANDLE WITH CARE
THE
STUDY
OF
POISONS
INTRODUCTION TO TOXICOLOGY
(Continued)
PARACELSUS
(1493 - 1541)
INTRODUCTION TO TOXICOLOGY
(Continued)
EXPOSURE TERMINOLOGY
EVERYTHING IS TOXIC;
IT ALL DEPENDS ON THE DOSE
How Well the Body Accepts a Substance Depends on:
INHALATION
INGESTION
ABSORPTION
INJECTION
GENERAL CONCEPTS OF TOXICOLOGY
(Continued)
INHALATION
INGESTION
ABSORPTION
INJECTION
GENERAL CONCEPTS OF TOXICOLOGY
(Continued)
INHALATION
INGESTION
ABSORPTION
INJECTION
GENERAL CONCEPTS OF TOXICOLOGY
(Continued)
START
INHALATION
INGESTION
ABSORPTION
INJECTION
GENERAL CONCEPTS OF TOXICOLOGY
(Continued)
EXPOSURE LIMITS
SOURCES INCLUDE:
American Conference of Gov. Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)
EXPOSURE LIMITS
EXPOSURE LIMITS
EXPOSURE LIMITS
Acute Exposure:
Chronic Exposure:
LC50
LD50
T
I TLV
M PEL
E
SAFE
EXPOSURE
0 DOSE
TOXINS IN OUR BODY
BRAIN
TOXIN
RESPIRATORY
Inhaled Toxins Can SYSTEMS
Quickly Travel to Vital
Organs and the Brain
HEART
Causing Either Acute
or Chronic Effects.
STOMACH
LIVER
INTESTINE
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
TERATOGEN:
MUTAGEN:
DANGER
CARCINOGENIC: CANCER
CAUSING
AGENT
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
(Continued)
MUTAGEN:
Potential to Cause Mutation in the Genetic Code
Can Cause Changes in Chromosomes
Review the Respective Material Safety Data Sheet
Agents Shown to Cause Potential Mutagenic Effects
- Hydrogen Peroxide (a Bleaching Agent)
- Ethyleneimine (an Alkylating Agent)
- Ethylene Oxide (Hospital Sterilant)
- Hydrazine (Used in Rocket Fuel)
- Ionizing Radiation Exposure
- Benzene
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
(Continued)
CARCINOGENIC: DANGER
CANCER
Has a Potential to Cause Cancer
CAUSING
Can Induce a Malignant Tumor in Humans AGENT
Can Cause or Accelerate Tumors
Some Confirmed or Suspected Human Carcinogens
- Acrylimide - Beryllium - Nickel Sulfide
- Acrylonitrile - Calcium Chromate - Tetranitromethane
- 4-Aminodiphenyl - Chromium (Vi) - O-Tolidine
- Arsenic - Ethylene Dichloride - Vinyl Bromide
- Benzine - Ethylene Oxide - Xylidine
- Benzidine - Lead Chromate - Zinc Chromates
SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS
AIR CONTAMINANTS
Gases. Generally Used in a Compressed Form. Can Effect All
Routes of Entry.
Vapors. Formed by Evaporation of Liquids or Solids. Amount
Usually Depends Upon Exposed Surface Area, Temperature,
and Vapor Pressure Of Substance. Can Be Deadly.
Fumes. Usually Metallic and Formed by Welding, Cutting, or
Brazing Operations. Extremely Hazardous to Inhale.
Particulates. Composed of Solid or Liquid Particles That Are
Suspended or Dispersed in Air. Such As Dust, Mists, or
Smokes. Can Be Explosive And Hazardous to Breath.
SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS
(Continued)
CLASSES OF SOLVENTS
TYPES OF METALS
METAL PARTICULATES:
Come From Sand Blasting, Deburring, and Like Operations.
Metals Can Take the Form of Airborne Dusts.
Engineering Controls Are Usually Required.
Respiratory Protection Is Needed Where Dust Is Not Controlled.
FUMES:
Fumes Are Made up of Very Tiny Solid Metal Particles.
Particles Are the Condensates of Vaporized Metal.
Effects on the Human Body Can Be Disastrous.
Think of the Different Types of Metals Used in Welding.
SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS
(Continued)
TYPES OF METALS
COPPER AND ZINC:
CADMIUM:
Highly Toxic, Inhalation Most Common Route of Entry.
Smaller Particulates Are Trapped in Lungs And Absorbed.
Dangerous Doses Can Be Asymptomatic for Hours.
Known Human Carcinogen.
Target Organs Include, Kidneys, Respiratory System.
NICKEL:
Can Be Absorbed Through Skin, or Lungs.
Absorption Generally Least Hazardous Route of Entry.
Target Organs Include; CNS, Respiratory System.
SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS
(Continued)
INHALATION:
Most Common Route of Entry.
Smaller Particulates Are Trapped in Lungs And Absorbed.
INGESTION:
Eating, Drinking, or Smoking Without Washing Hands First.
Eating, Drinking, or Smoking Contaminated Consumables.
ABSORPTION:
Can Occur Through Unbroken Skin or Mucous Membranes.
Absorption Generally Least Hazardous Route Of Entry.
INJECTION:
Usually Caused by Puncture Wounds Involving Metals.
Compressed Air Can Also Cause Injection of Metals.
SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS
(Continued)
NEVER
DISCOUNT
ANY
ROUTE-OF-ENTRY!