Basic Principles

of Electricity
 VOLTAGE
Basic
Principles  also called as electromotive force and
potential difference.
of
Electricity  It is the amount of electrical pressure
exerted by the charges. The unit of
measure for voltage is volt (v).
 It is the amount of electrical
charges that flows in a
Current conductor per unit of time. The
unit of measure for current is
ampere (A)
 It is the amount of
Resistance
opposition to the flow of
charges. The unit of
resistance is OHM (Ω)
 THE
OHM’S
LAW
  In 1926, George Simon Ohm, a German scientist, discovered
THE the relationship between the Current, Voltage, and
Resistance now referred to as the Ohms Law which states
OHM’S that:
LAW  “The higher the voltage, the larger the current, and the higher
the resistance, the lower the current.”
The  Where:
relationship
 I = Current Flow (amperes)
between the
current,  V = Electromotive force (volts)

voltage and  R = Resistance (Ohms / Ω)

resistance is  To find the:
presented in  Voltage (volt) V= I x R
the following  Current (ampere) I = V / R
equations  Resistance (ohms) R = V / I
known as the
Ohm’s Law.
  1. Determine the current flow in a circuit having a resistance of
5 Ohms on 120 volts and 240 volts current supply. (Circuit
refers to the electrical wiring installation)
 Given: I = ?
 V = 120 Volts and 240 Volts
 R = 5 Ohms
Illustrative I=?

Example:  1. For 120 Volts

 I = 120 Volts / 5 ohms
 Answer: I = 24 Amperes
 2. For 240 volts:
 I = 240 Volts / 5 ohms
 Answer: I = 48 Amperes
  A circuit component can be arranged in several ways but with
two fundamental types of connections, namely:
 In a series connection, a single path of current exists for
APPLICATION current flow, that is, the elements arranged in a series one
OF OHM’S after the other with no branches. Being a single path in a
series arrangement, voltage and resistance simply adds,
LAW IN A thus:
SERIES  Voltage Total: VT = V1 + V2 + V3 ………
CIRCUIT  Resistance Total: RT = R1 + R2 + R3 …….
 Current Total: IT = I1 = I2 = I3 ……….
  Two automobile headlights are connected in series to a 12
volts battery each having a resistance of 1.0 Ohm. What is
the current flowing in the circuit? Example:
 Solution:

Illustrative  V = 12 volts

Example:
 RT = R1+R2 RT = (1.0 ohm + 1.0 ohm)
 RT = 2.0 ohms
 I = V / R I = 12 volts / 2.0 Ohms
 Answer: I = 6 amperes