PHENOL

WULLIDA HAYUNING BIDARI

18030194027
PKU 2018
CONTENTS

DEFINITION PROPERTIES PREPARATIONS USAGE

DEFINITION OF PHENOL

Phenol or carbolic Chemical The structure has In nature, phenol can

acid or benzenol are a hydroxyl group be formed from the
colorless crystalline
formula : (-OH) that binds remaining organic
substances that C6H5OH to the phenyl ring. materials that have
have a decomposed because
characteristic odor. the presence of lignin
in organic materials is
said to be phenol.
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Phenol solution in water is a weak acid
Phenol cannot be oxidized to an
aldehyde with same number of C atoms

With concentrated HNO3 nitrofenol is Phenols are degraded by sunlight

produced and in the subsequent
nitration formed 2,4,6 trinitrophenol
(picric acid)
Tend to be acidic, can release H+ ion
If reacted with concentrated H2SO4 form
phenolsulfonate

Toxic and corrosive

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Pure phenol shaped in crystalline Molecul formula
colorless, very smelly and has C6H5OH
antiseptic properties

Melting point: 41◦C Molecular weight: 94,11 gr/mol

Boiling point: 181,7 ◦C Density : 1,07 gr/cm3
Freezing point : 40,9 ◦C

Soluble in organic solvents and soluble

in water with limited solubility of 8.3
grams / 100 mL
PREPARATION OF PHENOL

FROM BENZENE
B BENZOIC ACID
SULFONATE OXIDATION
A C
BENZENE
HOCK PROCESS CHLORINATION
D
FROM BENZENE SULFONATE
1. The evaporated benzene is channeled to the contonius sulfator reactor
and reacted with H2SO4 : C6H6 + H2SO4 (98%)  C6H5SO3H + H2O

2. Benzene sulfonate is channeled to a stirred neutralizer reactor,

neutralizing benzene sulfonate with the addition of sodium sulfite :
2C6H5SO3H + 2Na2SO3  2C6H5SO3Na + SO2 + Na2SO4 + H2
›
3. C6H5SO3H and Na2SO3 channeled to the pressure filter, the reaction
that occurs ›is the separation of a mixture of sodium benzene sulfonate
and sodium sulfate, sodium benzene will be flowed to the fusion
reactor ›
4. In a fusion reactor, fusion occurs with NaOH, the results of this
reaction are›molten and then flowed to the acidity reactor, acidification
occurs with the reaction: 6C6H5ONa + 2H2SO4 + SO3  6C6H5OH +
2NaSO4 + Na2SO4 (phenol fluid is produced)

5. Phenols which are not yet pure are channeled into the vacum still for
distillation and the remaining liquid is channeled into the steam
HOCK PROCESS

1. Take place at a temperature of 130oC and

a pressure of 1 atm with an CHP-shaped
alkaline solution added. The reaction that
›
occurs in a stirring reactor: CHP
decomposition
› into acetone and phenol
with H2SO4 catalyst
›
2. Crude phenols are cooled in a cooler
›
before being separated by the side
products
BENZOIC ACID OXIDATION

1.Take place at a temperature of 250oC with

CuMg› catalyst to benzyl salicylic acid then
hydrolyzed to salicylic acid and benzoic
›
acid to phenyl benzoate.
›
2.Hirolisa phenyl benzoate to phenol and
benzoic
› acid
BENZENE CHLORINATION

1. The reaction starts with chlorination of

benzene to Monochlorobenzen, HCl with
FeCl
› 3 catalyst

›
2. Monochlorobenzen hydrolyzed with
caustic soda solution, producing sodium
›
phenate.
›
3. Sodium phenate is mixed with HCl to get
phenol and sodium chloride.
USAGE OF PHENOL
• Lignin is a cell wall material.
1 • Anthocyanin as a flower pigment
2 Eugenol acetate can be used as a
bioadditive material diesel fuel
The isoeugenol
3 Can be used as medicine raw material
analgesic
Eugenol compounds can be synthetic
vanilla compounds, which are vanilla
(C8H8O3) is an important flavor as
4 Freshener, food flavoring and drinks
like ice cream.
5 Antiseptic component of
Trichlorophenol
THANK YOU
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