Psychology

and
Personal Development
 Learning Objectives

 To identify and define the different

psychological theories of personal
development

 To distinguish these psychological

theories and provide conceptual
diagrams in order to understand them
better
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Key Understanding
   Have a better understanding of the different
psychological theories of personal
development with the aid of conceptual
diagrams that help explain the concepts

Key Question
 What are the different psychological theories
of personal development?

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 Vitruvius's Proportions
• The Vitruvian Man illustrates a variety of
different proportions in the human body
• With arms outstretched, a man is as wide as he
is tall, with the genitals as the midpoint.
(Green)
• The knees are halfway between the genitals
and the feet. (Blue)
• The chest is halfway between the genitals and
the top of the head. (Blue)
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• The chest is the same width as a quarter of
the height. (Red)
• The measurement from the elbow to the
fingertips is also a quarter of the height
(Red)
• The nose is halfway between the hairline
and the chin. (Orange)
• The eyebrows are halfway between the
nose and hairline. (Orange)

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• The lips are halfway between the
nose and chin. (Orange)
• The head is one-eighth the total
height.
• The hand is one-tenth the total
height.
• The foot is one-sixth the total
height.
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 HUMANIST
This illustration depicts
Leonardo da Vinci’s Vitruvian
Man representing his own
reflection on human proportion
and architecture, superimposed
on a human head to represent
humanism.
The Two Proponents of
Human Psychology
1. ABRAHAM MASLOW
2. CARL ROGERS

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 The two

ABRAHAM
proponents of
Human
Psychology
MASLOW
Theorized the five
stages of human
development based on a
hierarchy of needs, peaking
in what he termed as “self-
actualization”

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MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS
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 The two

CARL ROGERS
proponents of
Human
Psychology

Theorized that “the

individual has within
himself the capacity and
the tendency, latent if not
evident, to move forward
toward maturity”

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BASIC HUMAN OTHERS’
RESULT
NEEDS RESPONSES

Need for self- Unconditional Self-

actualization positive regard actualization

Need for Conditional Self-

positive regard positive regard discrepancies

CARL ROGER’S PERSONALITY THEORY

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 Carl Rogers
• Carl Rogers (1902-1987) was a humanistic
 psychologist who agreed with the main
assumptions of Abraham Maslow, but added
that for a person to "grow", they need an
environment that provides them with
genuineness (openness and self-disclosure),
acceptance (being seen with unconditional
positive regard), and empathy (being listened
to and understood).
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 Self Actualization
• "The organism has one basic tendency and
striving - to actualize, maintain, and enhance
the experiencing organism”
•  "As no one else can know how we perceive,
we are the best experts on ourselves.“
• Carl Rogers (1959) believed that humans have
one basic motive, that is the tendency to self-
actualize -

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• to fulfill one's potential and achieve the
highest level of 'human-beingness' we can. 
Like a flower that will grow to its full potential
if the conditions are right, but which is
constrained by its environment, so people will
flourish and reach their potential if their
environment is good enough.

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