ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

FUNCTIONAL GROUPS
ALCOHOL
PHENOL
ETHER
AMINE
CARBONYL
ALDEHYDE
CARBOXYLIC
ACID
ESTER
KETONE
AMIDE
 OXYGEN CONTAINING
FUNCTIONAL GROUPS

• Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers

• Methanol
• Production of plastics
• Solvent
• Known as wood alcohol
• Ethanol
• Alcohol in alcoholic beverages
• Produced from fermentation
 OXYGEN CONTAINING
FUNCTIONAL GROUPS

• Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers

• Phenols
• Benzene ring + hydroxyl group
• Can act as an acid and lose H
 OXYGEN
CONTAINING
FUNCTIONAL
GROUPS

• Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers

• Ethers:
• Diethyl ether used as an
anesthetic historically
• Not readily soluble in water
 NITROGEN
CONTAINING
FUNCTIONAL
GROUPS

• Amines and Alkaloids

• Amines:
• Nitrogen atom bound to one
or more saturated carbon atom
• Less soluble in water than
alcohols
• Often have an offensive odor
• Weak bases
 CARBONYL
GROUP
CONTAINING
COMPOUNDS

• Ketones, Aldehydes, Amides,

Carboxylic Acids, and Esters
• Carbonyl group:
• Carbon double bonded to an
oxygen atom
 CARBONYL CONTAINING
COMPOUNDS

• Ketone:
• Carbonyl carbon is bound to 2 other carbon atoms
• Ex: Acetone

• Aldehyde:
• Carbonyl bound to carbon and hydrogen, or 2 hydrogen atoms
• Sources of simple smells
 CARBONYL
CONTAINING
COMPOUNDS

• Amide:
• Carbonyl carbon is bound to a
nitrogen atom
• DEET- mosquito repellent with
an amide group present
 CARBONYL-CONTAINING
COMPOUNDS

• Carboxylic Acid:
• Carbonyl carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group
• Hydroxyl H atom is acidic
• Ex: Acetic acid, Salicylic Acid
 CARBONYL CONTAINING
COMPOUNDS

• Ester:
• Similar to carboxylic acid, but H is replaced with a carbon
• Pleasant fragrances
 POLYMERS

• Polymer: Long organic molecules that

contain a repeating molecular unit
• Unit= monomer
 TYPES OF POLYMERS

• Addition Polymers:
• Formed by joining monomer units
• Condensation Polymers:
• Formed by the loss of a small molecule
 ADDITION
POLYMERS

• No loss of atoms
• Double bonds split to form new
covalent bonds
FIND THE MONOMER UNIT
DRAW THE POLYMER UNIT GIVEN THE
MONOMER
 CONDENSATION POLYMERS

• Polymer formed by the loss of a small molecule, typically water or HCl

• Functional group from each monomer interacts to form the leaving molecule
CONDENSATION POLYMERS
 EXAMPLES

• Formation of Nylon
FUNCTIONAL
GROUP
PRACTICE
• Phenyl
• Ketone
• Alcohol
• Amide
• Ether
• Ester
• Alkene