Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Roll No. 67
Class:- B.Ed(Hons)
5th Semester
Subject:- Foundation of
education
Topic
IMAM GHAZALI’S
EDUCATION
PHILOSOPHY
Introduction
• Imam Ghazali was born in 1059 AD near Tus in
Khurasan, a part of the then Persia.
• He is also known as Hujjatul Islam.
• Imam Ghazali mentions in his book Al-munqudeen-al-
dalal, that he spent 38 years in the search of truth from
place to place and studied different schools of thoughts
of that time.
• He was offered the post of head of Nizamia School in
Baghdad.
• Imam Ghazali ’s skepticism continues from another ten
years, in which he wondered in many palaces including,
Makkah, Yathrab and Syria.
He also performed several pilgrimages to Makkah
and once took an oath, while standing beside the
stone of Abraham (Maqam-e-Ibrahim) in the Khana
Kaaba. He swear that;
• I will not go to the court of any king
• I will not get any money from rulers
• I will not indulge in any type of discussion with
scholars.
• Imam Ghazali died in 1111 Ad.
• He has written number of books including the “Revival of
Islamic knowledge” (Ahya-e-uloom Islam) and “Incoherence
of philosophy “ (Tahafat-ul-filasafa)
• He provided rational basis for the Islamic beliefs and
integrated Sufism and individual beliefs, to give a holistic
picture of Islam in helping to reunite Muslims of the world.
People criticize him for the lack of use of reason in Islam.
As an educator, he is the greatest and most influential
educators of Islam and has great influence on the modern
educational thoughts.
The importance of Knowledge:
i. Prophetic
ii. Rulers
iii. Philosophers/scholars
Iv. Preachers
i. Prophetic:
Prophets convey the message of God
regardless of any discrimination and help to
purify the inner self.
ii. Ruler:
They use their authority, legislation and
rules to train and guide the society.
iii. Philosophers/scholars
Their knowledge benefits only selected
individuals but for benefiting masses.
iv. Preachers
They are meant to fulfill the religious needs
of the society and train outer and inner self.
Their is to promote knowledge, improve the
life of people, and help them to acquire
desirable through education.
Ghazali divides knowledge into two types
Farz-i-Ain: (Compulsory)
This knowledge is obligatory for all and contains the
knowledge of Islam
Farz-i-Kafaya: (Optional)
This knowledge is optional and depends on the will
of the individual. It is further divided into two;
Worldly knowledge
Religious knowledge
ii. Useless Knowledge:
Although no knowledge is useless, it is not
desirable if it can create an undesirable effect
such as
If it harms somebody like magic etc
If it leads to thinking about God.
Ghazali says that these matters should be left
only to prophets and saints.
• Aims of Education:
• Ghazali based his aims of education on Islamic
ideology.
• According to him, the major aim of education is
that it is useful. The knowledge gained as a result of
education should be useful both for individual and
the society. It means that the aim of education is
character building of individual so that it could
differentiate between good and evil and avoids
following the evil path.
Johnn Herbart proposed the same ideas about
700 year after the demise of Ghazali.
Psychological concepts of Ghazali:
Ghazali raises the basic question whether the
human instinct is based on good or evil. He has
presented his ideas in the light of Quran and Hadith.
According to him good or evil are not physical and is
not instinctual. Humans can be transformed by
education and training. Rousseau expressed similar
idea in 18th century.
Ghazali seems impressed by the Greek
philosophers. According to Aristotle there are two
types of creations in the world. i.e.
Perfect creation: These are perfected like moon , sun
etc
Imperfect creations like seed of tree, which is imperfect
in the sense that it has the ability to become a tree.
According to Ghazali, human beings are imperfect
creatures and are similar to the seed. They have the
ability and capacity to become perfect, only the suitable
conditions are required. According to him, good
character means good deeds.
Ghazali has given the following four ways in which deficiencies
can be identified and removed.
Perfect teacher
Such teachers that have spiritual insight and knowledge and has
the ability to analyze deficiencies of others
Close friends:
We can identify our deficiencies with the help of our close
friends
Foes:
We can know more about our deficiencies from our foes.
Self analysis:
Ghazali also stresses on self-analysis from time to time.
Curriculum:
Ghazali strongly criticizes the curriculum of his time. He
raises the basic question of criteria for selection of subject
matter for curriculum. He studied the various curriculum's
in his times and reached the following conclusions:
More time is spent on religious education and worldly
education is completely ignores
Worldly education is equally important
While teaching religious education , a great number of
differences arise among the teachers, which result in mud
slinging on each other.
• No place for character building in curriculum
• Ghazali recommended that curriculum should be
composed of obligatory (Farz-i-Ain ) And optional
(Farz-i-Kafaya ) knowledge. It should be a combination
of religion and worldly education.
• Ghazali included industrial education, textile,
agriculture, tailoring and hair cutting in the curriculum
• This indicates that Ghazali ’s educational ideas are
progressive.
• Ghazali also stresses the acquisition of philosophy and
logic
Methods of Teaching and Techniques: