QUALITATIVE DATA

COLLECTION
Compendium of data collection approaches
 Gather observational notes by conducting an observation as a
participant.
 Gather observational notes by conducting an observation as an
observer.
 Conduct an unstructured, open-ended interview and take
interview notes.
 Conduct an unstructured, open-ended interview, audiotape the
interview, and transcribe the interview.
 Keep a journal during the research study.
 Have an informant keep a journal during the research study.
Compendium of data collection approaches

 Collect personal letters from informants.

 Analyze public documents (e.g. official memos, minutes,
archival material).
 Examine photographs and videotapes.
 Have informants take photographs or videos.
 Collect sounds (e.g. musical sounds, a child’s laughter, car
horns honking).
 Qualitative Data Collection
Types Sources Procedure
Document Reports, newsletters, Read all materials and
analysis publications document and descriptive
statistics related to the
Public documents
( minutes of meetings) research issue
Private docs ( journals, diary, letter)
Interviews Primary participants Tape record semi-structured
Secondary participants interviews, then transcribe
Face-to-face—one on one the interviews for the
Telephone participants to review
Group
 Qualitative Data Collection
Types Sources Procedure
Observation Observed participants’ interactions Take notes and videotape
s   the observations
Complete participants- researcher
conceals role
Observer as participant- role of
researcher is known
Complete observer – researcher
observes without participating
 
 Qualitative Data Collection
Types Sources Procedure
Audiovisual Photographs View and find significant
Materials Videotapes art objects data , interpret
Computer software
Films
Exit interviews Primary participants Present findings to
Secondary participants participants during
individual or group
interview sessions
strengths and weaknesses associated with qualitative data
collection methods and qualitative research

Strenghts Weaknesses
Low constraints of tradition
Poor internal reliability
or method
Weak decisiveness
Grounded hypotheses
Poor generalizability
Non-normative focus
Rarely integrated
Comprehensiveness
Seems easy
Detail
 ESTALISHING PROTOCOL
FOR RECORDING INFORMATION
Protocol is a form for recording information to note
observations in the field.
It notes the following:

Portraits of the informants

Reconstruction of a dialogue

Demographic information and
description about the time,
place and date of the
physical setting

Accounts of particular events

Activities

Reflective notes
personal thoughts
– feelings,
speculation,

problems,
ideas,
hunches,
prejudices
Components included in the protocol:
a. Heading
b. Instructions to the interviewer ( opening statements)
c. Key research questions to be asked
d. Probes to follow-up key questions
e. Transition messages for the interviewer
f. Space for recording the interviewer’s comments
g. Space to record researcher’s reflective notes
https://research-methodology.net/research-methods/qualitative-research/

Mendoza, Diana J., et.al. The Padayon Series Applied Research: An Introduction to
Qualitative Research Methods and Report Writing. Quezon City: Phoenix
Publishing House, Inc. 2017.