Physics 101: Lecture 11

Momentum and Impulse

 Today’s lecture will cover Textbook Sections 7.1-7.5

• EXAM TONIGHT:
•Bring calculator
•Bring ID
•No cell phones. No exceptions.

• Homework due on Wednesday (not tomorrow)

• No quiz in discussion this week.

Physics 101: Lecture 9, Pg 1

 Power (Rate of Work)
 P = W / t
Units: Joules/Second = Watt

 How much power does it take for a (70 kg) student to

run up the stairs in 141 (5 meters) in 7 seconds?

P=W/t
= mgh /t
= (70 kg) (9.8 m/s2) (5 m) / 7 s
= 490 J/s or 490 Watts

Physics 101: Lecture 9, Pg 2 48

 Last Time
 Last Time: Work-Energy
 F = m a multiply both sides by d
 F d= m a d (note a d = ½ v2)
 F d= ½ m v2
 W = KE Define Work and Kinetic
Energy

 This Time: Impulse-Momentum

Physics 101: Lecture 9, Pg 3 08

 Momentum and Impulse
Momentum:
m
 p = m v – a vector v
 units: kg m / s

F=ma multiply both sides by t

 F t = m a t note a t = v
 F t = m v
 F t = p

Impulse:
 I =  F t – also a vector
 I = p

Favet  I = pf - pi = p
Physics 101: Lecture 9, Pg 4 08
 Preflight 1
A magician yanks a tablecloth out from under some
dishes. Briefly explain why the dishes were not
given much impulse by the tablecloth.

“Because time is almost equal to 0, the impulse is very small.”

“Since impulse is the change in momentum, then the change in

momentum was very small when the table cloth was yanked.
There was a very small change in time which would give a small
impulse.”

tablecloth demo
Physics 101: Lecture 9, Pg 5 11
 ACT Drop demo

Two identical balls are dropped from the same height onto the
floor. In each case they have velocity v downward just before
hitting the floor. In case 1 the ball bounces back up, and in
case 2 the ball sticks to the floor without bouncing. In which
case is the magnitude of the impulse given to the ball by the
floor the biggest?
A. Case 1 correct

B. Case 2 Bouncing Ball Sticky Ball

C. The same |I| = |p| |I| = |p|
= |mvfinal – m vinitial| = |mvfinal – m vinitial|
Vi = -5 m/s Vf = +5 m/s
= |m( vfinal-vinitial)| = |m( 0-vinitial)|
=2mv = mv
Physics 101: Lecture 9, Pg 6 16
 ACT
In both cases of the above question, the
direction of the impulse given to the ball by the
floor is the same. What is this direction?
A. Upward correct

B. Downward

time

Physics 101: Lecture 9, Pg 7 19

 ACTs
You drop an egg onto 1) the floor 2) a thick piece of foam
rubber. In both cases, the egg does not bounce.
In which case is the impulse greater?
A) Floor
B) Foam
I = P
C) the same Same change in momentum

In which case is the average force greater egg demo

(uh oh)
A) Floor p = F t
B) Foam F = p/t
C) the same Smaller t = large F
Physics 101: Lecture 9, Pg 8 24
 Pushing Off…
Fred (75 kg) and Jane (50 kg) are on skates facing each other.
Jane then pushes Fred w/ a constant force F = 45 N for a time
t=3 seconds. Who will be moving faster at the end of the
push?
rubber band
A) Fred B) Same C) Jane glider demo

Fred Jane
F = +45 N (positive direct.) F = -45 N Newton’s 3rd law
I = +45 (3) N-s = 135 N-s I = -45 (3) N-s = -135 N-s
=p =p
= mvf – mvi = mvf – mvi
/m = vf - vi /m = vf - vi
vf = 135 N-s / 75 kg vf = -135 N-s / 50 kg
= 1.8 m/s = -2.7 m/s
Note: Pfred + Pjane = (1.8) 75 + (-2.7) 50 = Physics
0! 101: Lecture 9, Pg 9 29
Momentum is Conserved
 Momentum is “Conserved” meaning
it can not be created nor destroyed
Can be transferred

 Total Momentum does not change

with time.
Hammer
demo (uh oh)

This is a BIG deal!

Physics 101: Lecture 9, Pg 10 30
 Momentum ACT
A car w/ mass 1200 kg is driving north at 40 m/s, and turns
east driving 30 m/s. What is the magnitude of the car’s change
in momentum?
A) 0 B) 12,000 C) 36,000 D) 48,000 E) 60,000

Pinitial = m vinitial = (1200 Kg) x 40 m/s = 48,000 kg m/s North

Pfinal = m vfinal = (1200 Kg) x 30 m/s = 36,000 kg m/s East
North-South:
Pfinal – Pinitial = (0 – 48000) = -48,000 kg m/s 30 m/s

East-West:
Pfinal – Pinitial = (36000 - 0) = +36,000 kg m/s 40 m/s

Magnitude :
Sqrt(P2North – P2East ) = 60,000 kg m/s
Physics 101: Lecture 9, Pg 11 38
 Preflight 2 & 3
Is it possible for a system of two objects to have zero total
momentum while having a non-zero total kinetic energy?

57% 1. YES correct

43% 2. NO Jane and Fred

Physics 101: Lecture 9, Pg 12 41

 ACT
Movies often show someone firing a gun loaded with
blanks. In a blank cartridge the lead bullet is removed
and the end of the shell casing is crimped shut to
prevent the gunpowder from spilling out. When a gun
fires a blank, is the recoil greater than, the same as, or
less than when the gun fires a standard bullet?
A. greater than
B. same as
pgun = -pbullet
C. less than correct
If there is no bullet then pbullet = 0 so pgun = 0

As if ice skater had no one to push…

Physics 101: Lecture 9, Pg 13 48

 Summary
Momentum p = mv
» Momentum is VECTOR
» Momentum is conserved (when F = 0)
  mv
initial =  mvfinal

Impulse I = Ft
» Gives change in momentum I = p

Chapter 7, problems 3, 5, 13, 21

Physics 101: Lecture 9, Pg 14 50