Claims in Written Text

• Claims necessitate the use of language and logic in presenting the

veracity of statements, propositions, and arguments.
• Claims in texts are significant in supporting propositions/arguments.
TYPES OF CLAIMS
 Claims of
FACT
• are inferences made based on data, documents, and scientific observation
result
or research.
EXAMPLE:
“Although it has been largely forgotten, the flu epidemic of 1918-1919 was one
of
the most devastating epidemics of all time.”
 Claims of VALUE
•Are value judgment made based on morals, standards, and
norms. EXAMPLE:
“It is immoral to participate in voluntary suicide.”
“ The hunting of animals is barbaric practice.”
 Claims of
POLICY
• are specific and measurable actions that need to be
done in order to address issues or concerns presented
in an argument or proposition.
Examples:
Congress should reduce the drinking age to 18.
 Claims of CAUSE AND
EFFECT
argue that persons, things and circumstances could produce a
result.
EXAMPLE:
• "It's a matter of common sense that people deserve to be treated equally.
The Constitution calls it 'self-evident.' Why, then, should I have been denied
a seat because of my disability?
• The moon has gravitational pull, consequently the oceans have tides.
• Since school was canceled, we went to the mall.
 Important terminologies in the study of
claims.
• Fact
• Opinion
• Argument
• Persuasion
• Debatable Claim
• Evidence
• Credible source
 Guidelines
• The thesis statement or the claim must debatable.
• The thesis statement or claim must be narrow.
• It must have a credible source.
• Resources must properly cited.
 Logo
•
s
Or logical appeal is focused on the message content transmitted.
Example:
• "The data is perfectly clear: this investment has consistently turned a profit
year- over-year, even in spite of market declines in other areas."
• "Ladies and gentlemen of the jury: we have not only the fingerprints, the lack
of an alibi, a clear motive, and an expressed desire to commit the robbery…
We also have video of the suspect breaking in. The case could not be more
open and shut."
 Patho
s
• Or emotional appeal is focused on the audience’s reception of the
message transmitted.
Example:
"If we don't move soon, we're all going to die! Can't you see how dangerous it
would be to stay?"
"I'm not just invested in this community - I love every building, every business, every
hard-
working member of this town."
 Ethos
• Or ethical appeal is focused on the readers’ perception on the credibility
and reputation of the writer.
Example:
•"As a doctor, I am qualified to tell you that this course of treatment will likely generate
the best results."
•"My three decades of experience in public service, my tireless commitment to the
people of this community, and my willingness to reach across the aisle and cooperate with
the opposition, make me the ideal candidate for your mayor.”
 Following steps in preparation for your writing

• Be attentive
• Check the facts
• Be keen in language use
• Do cross referencing
END