GLOBALIZATION

Globalization – means speed up of movements, and

exchanges (of human beings, goods services, capital,
technologies or cultural practices) all over the planet.
Example:
Manfred Steger own definition of Globalization:

- refers to the expansion and intensification of social of

social relations and consciousness across world-time and
world-space.

It is a multi-dimensional phenomenon involving

economics, politics, culture, ideology, environment, and
technology.
 APPROACHES TO THE
STUDY GLOBALIZATION
GLOBALIZATION AS ‘GLOBALONEY’
THREE BROAD CATEGORIES:

• REJECTIONISTS

• SCEPTICS

• MODIFIERS
REJECTIONISTS
Scholars who dismiss the utility of globalization as an analytical concept
typically advance their arguments
from within a larger criticism of similarly vague words employed in
academic discourse. Besides globalization,
another often-cited example for such analytically impoverished concepts
is the complex and ambiguous phe-
nomenon of nationalism
Scholar’s Arguments:
Craig Calhoun - argues that nationalism and its corollary terms
‘have proved notoriously hard concepts to define’ because ‘nationalisms are
extremely varied phenomena’,
and ‘any definition will legitimate some claims and delegitimate others’

Susan Strange - considers globalization a prime example of such a vacuous term,

suggesting that it has
been used in academic discourse to refer to ‘anything from the Internet to a
hamburger’
Clark and Linda Weiss - objects to the term as ‘a big idea resting on slim
foundation.

Robert Holton - suggestion to abandon all general theoretical

analyses in favour of middle-range approaches that seek to provide
specific explanations of particulars.
SCEPTICS

The second group emphasizes the limited nature of current globalizing

processes.

Hirst and Thompson claim that the world economy is not a truly global
phenomenon, but one centred on Europe, eastern Asia, and North America.
MODIFIERS
The third and final group of globalization critics disputes the novelty of the process, implying that the label
‘globalization’ has often been applied in a historically imprecise manner.

Robert Gilpin
confirms the existence of globalizing tendencies, but he also insists that many important aspects of globalization are not novel developments.
GLOBALIZATION AS ECONOMIC PROCESS

Many scholars who share this economic perspective

consider globalization a real phenomenon that signals
an epochal transformation in world affairs.
GLOBALIZATION AS POLITICAL PROCESS

Economic perspectives on globalization can hardly be discussed apart

from an analysis of political processes and institutions. Most of the
debate on political globalization involves the weighing of conflicting
evidence with regard to the fate of the modern nation-state.
 GLOBALIZATION AS CULTURAL PROCESS

As sociologist John Tomlinson puts it,

‘Globalization lies at the heart of modern culture;
cultural practices lie at the heart of globalization.’
 IDEOLOGIES OF GLOBALIZATION
According to Steger there 3 types of globalism (ideologies that
endow the concept of globalization with particular values and
meanings)

•Market globalism
•Justice globalism
•Religious globalism
Market Globalism - seeks to endow ‘globalization’ with free-market norms and
neoliberal meanings.

Justice Globalism - constructs an alternative vision of globalization

based on egalitarian ideals of global solidarity and distributive justice.

Religious Globalism - struggle against both market globalism and

justice globalism as they seek to mobilize a religious values and beliefs
that are thought to be under severe attack by the forces of secularism
and consumerism.
REFERENCES:
https://www.studocu.com/ph/document/polytechnic-university-of-the-philippines/purposive-communication/lecture-notes/steger-2014-approaches-to-the-study-of-globalization/7135723/view

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimensions_of_globalization

https://www.mindmeister.com/1755304644/approaches-to-the-study-of-globalization
THANK YOU!