PSSC 1998. 10. 13.

Mode Localization in Multispan Beams

with Massive and Stiff Couplers on
Supports

Dong-Ok Kim and In-Won Lee

Department of Civil Engineering in
Korea Advance Institute of Science and Technology

1
 CONTENTS
 Introduction
 Definition of mode localization
 Literature Survey
 Objectives
 Theoretical Background
 Multispan Beams
 Simple Structure
 Occurrence of Mode Localization
 Conditions of Significant Mode Localization
 Numerical Examples
 Mode Localization in Two-Span Beam
 Conclusions

2
 INTRODUCTION

 Definition of Mode Localization

– Under conditions of weak internal coupling, the mode
shapes undergo dramatic changes to become strongly
localized when small disorder is introduced into
periodic structures. (C. Pierre, 1988, JSV)

• Trouble by Mode Localization

– When mode localization occurs, the modal amplitude o
f a global mode becomes confined to a local region of t
he structure, with serious implication for the control pr
oblem. (O. O. Bendiksen, 1987, AIAA)

3
Introduction

• Example : Mode Localization of Two-Span Beam

Figure 1. Weakly Coupled Simply Supported Two-Span Beam

Figure 2. Non-Localized First Two Mode Shapes

Figure 3. Localized First Two Mode Shapes

4
Introduction

• Example : Mode Localization of Parabola Antenna

Figure 4. Simple Model of Space Parabola Antenna

5
Introduction Mode Localization of Parabola Antenna

Figure 5. Non-Localized Mode Shape

Figure 6. Localized Mode Shape

6
Introduction

 Literature Survey
• Localization of electron eigenstates in a disordered solid
– P. W. Anderson (1958)
• Mode localization in the disordered periodic structures
– C. H. Hodges (1982)
• Localized vibration of disordered multispan beams
– C. Pierre (1987)
• Influences of various effects on mode localization
– S. D. Lust (1993)
• Mode localization up to high frequencies
– R. S. Langley (1995)
7
Introduction

 Objective:
To study influences of the stiffness and mass of coupler on
mode localization

• Scope
• Theoretical Background:
Qualitative analysis using simple model
• Numerical Examples:
Verifications of results of the theoretical background using multispan beams
• Conclusions

8
 THEORETICAL BAGROUND
 Multispan Beams

Figure 7. Simply supported multispan beam with couplers.

- Periodically rib-stiffened plates or

- Rahmen bridges

• Two-span beam : Two substructures and one coupler

Figure 8. Simply supported two-span beam with a coupler.

9
Theoretical Background

 Simple Structure Analysis

• Subject : Qualitative analysis of influences of stiffness and
mass of coupler on mode localization using
simple model

Figure 9. Simple model with two-substructures and a coupler.

10
Theoretical Background

• Eigenvalue Problem

k1  k3  m1 0  k3   y1  0

     
 0 k 2  k 4  m2  k4   y2   0 (1)
  k3  k4 k3  k 4  k5  m3   y3  0

• Equation for ratio of y1 and y2 , and d  (1)  ( 2 )

 k32 k 42   1 y2 1 y1 
(k3  k 4  k5  m3 )d      k3k 4    (2)
 m1 m2   m1 y1 m2 y2 

k1  k3 k2  k4
where (1)  ( 2) 
m1 m2
The ratio represents degree of mode localization corresponding mode.
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Theoretical Background

 Occurrence of Mode Localization

y2
• Equation for Degree of Mode Localization r 
y1
 r  s1  r  s2    r (3)

k3 k 4 m1
where s1   s2 
k4 k3 m2
m1
and  (k3  k 4  k5  m3 )d (4)
k3 k 4

• In Equation (3)
Left-hand side : Parabolic curve
Right-hand side : Line passing origin with slop 

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Theoretical Background

• Graphical Representation
– Steep line
f
  1

r1  0, r2  1
fl   r 
Significant mode localization

r – Identical substructures: (1)  ( 2 )

r1
s1 s2 r2  0

r1  1, r2  1
f p  (r  s1 )(r  s2 )

No mode localization
Figure 10. Two curves.

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Theoretical Background

 Conditions for Significant Mode Localization

• Becoming (1and
)
 ( 2 ) ,(1under
)
 ( 2the
)
condition of

| k5  m3 |
 1 (5)
k3 k 4
results in significant mode localization, | 
. |  1

k5 (6)
• Classical condition ( m3 )0:  1
k3 k 4
• Delocalization condition
k3  k 4  k5
k3  k 4  k5  m3  0 or   (7)
m3

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 NUMERICAL EXAMPLES
 Mode Localization in Two-Span Beam

Figure 11. Simply Supported Two-Span Beam with a Coupler

• Subjects to Discuss
– Influences of length disturbance of a span
– Influences of the stiffness and the mass of coupler
• Assumptions
– All spans have identical span lengths initially.
– Length disturbances are introduced into the first span only.
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Mode Localization in Multispan Beams

• Selected Mode Shapes of Two-Span Beam

1 1 1

2 2 2

3 3 3

4 4 4

5 5 5

6 6 6

7 7 7

8 8 8

9 9 9

10 10 10

K  20.0 J  0 .0 K  0 .0 J  0.02 K  20.0 J  0.02

Figure 12. First ten mode shapes: L1   4%

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Mode Localization in Multispan Beams

• Measure of Degree of Mode Localization

Classical Measure
– Span response ratio

ya
ra ,b  (8)
yb
where
ya : Maximum amplitude of span a
yb : Maximum amplitude of span b

Note !
Classical measure is good for analysis but not for practice.

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Mode Localization in Multispan Beams

Proposed Measure
– Normalized number of spans having no vibration

NT  N C
DL  (9)
NT  1
where
N T : Total number of spans
N C : Number of spans in which vibration is confined
2 1
 NT

 
NT
N C    y j 
   y 2j 
  (10)
 j 1   j 1 
y j : Maximum amplitude of span j
Note !
Proposed measure is good for practice but not for analysis.
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Mode Localization in Multispan Beams

• Coupler with Stiffness

1 .0

0 .8 K C  1000, L1  1.0%

D e g r e e o f M o d e L o c a liz a tio n

K C  1000, L1  0.5%

0 .6

• Stiffness makes the system

0 .4 sensitive to mode localization

0 .2
K C  100, L1  1.0%

K C  100, L1  0.5%

0 .0
0 2 4 6 8 10
M ode Num ber

Figure 13. Influence of the stiffness

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Mode Localization in Multispan Beams

• Coupler with Mass

1 .0 J C  1.0, L1  1.0%
J C  1.0, L1  0.5%

0 .8
J C  0.1, L1  1.0%
D e g r e e o f M o d e L o c a liz a tio n

J C  0.1, L1  0.5%

0 .6

0 .4

0 .2 • Mass makes the system

sensitive to mode localization
in higher modes.
0 .0
0 2 4 6 8 10
M ode Num ber

Figure 14. Influence of the mass

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Mode Localization in Multispan Beams

• Coupler with Stiffness and Mass

1 .0 K C  1000, J C  1.0, L1  1.0%
K C  1000, J C  1.0, L1  0.5%

0 .8 K C  100, J C  0.1, L1  1.0%

D e g r e e o f M o d e L o c a liz a tio n

K C  100, J C  0.1, L1  0.5%

0 .6

• Stiffness governs sensitivities

0 .4
of lower modes.
• Mass governs sensitivities of
0 .2 higher modes.
• Delocalized modes can be
observed.
0 .0
0 2 4 6 8 10
M ode Num ber

Figure 15. Influences of stiffness and mass

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 CONCLUSIONS

 Influences of the Coupler are Discovered.

– The stiffness of coupler makes the structures sensitive to
mode localization.
– The mass of coupler makes the structures sensitive to
mode localization in higher modes.
– The coupler with stiffness and mass is a cause of
delocalization* in some modes.

• The mass as well as the stiffness of coupler give

significant influences on mode localization especially in
higher modes.
* Delocalization is that mode localization does not occur or is very weak in
certain modes although structural disturbances are severe.
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