Illustration Mix Design of Concrete

By
Indian Standard Institution (ISI) Method

MISS HONEY
ID. 119661
ASSIGNMENT-7
11.SEPT.2017
Concrete Mix Design

Concrete mix design may be defines as the art of selecting suitable ingredients of
concrete and determining their relative proportions with the object of producing
concrete of certain minimum strength & durability as economically as possible.
 Objectives of Mix Design

Objectives of Mix Design

The purpose of concrete mix design is to ensure the most optimum

proportions of the constituent materials to fulfill the requirement of
the structure being built. Mix design should ensure following
objectives:

 To achieve the designed/ desired workability in the plastic stage

 To achieve the desired minimum strength in the hardened stage
 To achieve the desired durability in the given environment conditions
 To produce concrete as economically as possible.
 Requirements of SIS Concrete Mix Design

The requirements which form the basis of selection and proportioning

of mix ingredients are:

(a) The minimum compressive strength required from structural point

of view.
(b) The adequate workability necessary for full compaction
(c) Maximum water-cement ratio and/or maximum cement content to
give adequate durability for site conditions
(d) Maximum cement content to avoid shrinkage cracking due to
temperature in mass concrete.
 Information Required For SIS Mix Design

For the design of concrete mix, the following information is required:

 Grade of concrete
 Degree of workability
 Maximum temperature of fresh concrete
 Type of cement
 Minimum cement content
 Maximum water cement ratio
 Type of aggregates
 Maximum nominal size of aggregate
 Type of admixtures, if required
 Level of quality assurance
 Exposure condition
 Method of placing
 Degree of supervision
 Materials and Methods

ISI Mix Design Method:-

Present investigation includes design of concrete mix (non-air

entrained) for medium strength concrete.
The guidelines given in various codes like SP: 23-1982, IS: 10262-
1982 and IS: 456-2000 has been adopted for mix design of concrete.
 Table 1 Coarse aggregate

Table 1 Coarse
Analysis of coarse
aggregate fraction
aggregate
Percent of different fractions
IS Sieve
(Percent passing)
sizes
mm
I II Combined Conformin
10mm 20mm
(50%) (50%) (100%) g to Table 2
20 100 94.6 50 47.3 97.3 of IS : 383-
1970
10 56.2 0.40 28.1 0.2 28.3
4.75 0.60 0 0.3 0 0.3
2.36 0 0      

Table 2 Fine aggregate

Fine aggregate
Is Sieve sizes
(Percent passing)

4.75 mm 96

2.36 mm 86
Conforming to grading zone
1.18 mm 61 II of Table 4 of IS : 383-1970

600micron 35.5

300micron 23.5

150micron 5.5
 Table 3 Adjustment required in water content
Table 3 Adjustment required in water content and sand (Reproduced from IS: 10262-1982:
Table 6)

Change in condition
and sand
Adjustment required in
percentage sand in total
Water content percent
aggregate
For decrease in water-cement ratio
0 -1.0
by (0.60-0.50) that is 0.1
For increase in compacting factor
3 0
(0.9-0.8) that is 0.10
For sand conforming to zone II of
0 0
Table 4 of IS:383
Total +3 percent -1.0

Table 4 Approximate air content corresponding to nominal maximum size of aggregate

(Reproduced from IS:10262-1982: Table 3)

Nominal maximum size of aggregate Entrapped air, as percentage

(mm) of volume of concrete

10 3.0

20 2.0

40 1.0
 Step -1

For the present investigation, it is required to have characteristic compressive

strength 40 N/mm2. The compaction factor as 0.9. The maximum size of
aggregate is 20 mm (angular). Type of exposure moderate and degree of quality
control as very good.

Test data for materials: Cement used of 43 grade of OPC,

Specific gravity of cement - 2.975

Specific gravity of aggregates:- (Coarse - 2.63 , Fine - 2.62)

Water absorption- (Coarse aggregate - 0.5 %, Fine aggregate – 1%)

Free surface moisture- (Coarse aggregate - nil, Fine aggregate - nil)

(Sieve analysis was done & results are given in Table 1 & Table 2)
 Step -2

Target mean strength of concrete: 40 + 5.6 x 1.65 = 49.24 N/mm2

Tolerance factor (t) = 1.65 (from Table 2)
Standard deviation = 5.6 (from Table 1)

Selection of water cement ratio:

From Figure 1, the free water cement ratio =0.32 < 0.50%

Selection of water and sand content:- From Table 5, for 20mm nominal maximum
size aggregate and sand conforming to grading Zone II, water content per cubic metre of
concrete = 180 kg and sand content as percentage of total aggregate by absolute volume =
25%

For change in values in water-cement ratio, compacting factor and sand belonging to Zone
II, the following adjustment is required as given in Table 3

Therefore, required sand content as percentage of total aggregate by absolute volume =25-
1=24 percent.

Required water content = 180 + 180 x 3/100=185.40 liters/m3

 Step-3

Determination of cement content : Cement=185.40/0.32=579.375kg/m3

(W/C= 0.32 , Water= 185.40 liters/m3)

V= [W+C/Sc+1/p. fa/Sfa] x1/1000,

V= [W+C/Sc+1/1-p. Ca/Sca] x1/1000
Where, V= absolute volume of fresh concrete, (Gross volume - The volume of entrapped air,
m3)
W = mass of water (kg) per m3 of concrete,
C = mass of cement (kg) per m3 of concrete,
Sc = specific gravity of cement,
p = ratio of fine aggregate to total aggregate by absolute volume,
fa, Ca = specific gravities of saturated surface dry fine aggregate and
coarse aggregate respectively.
Sfa, Sca = specific gravities of saturated surface dry fine aggregate and
coarse aggregate respectively.

0.98m3 = [185.4+ 579.375/2.975+1/0.2975xfa/2.62]x1/1000

0.98m3 = [185.4+579.375/2.975+1/0.7025xCa/2.63]x1/1000
fa = 467.58kg/m3
Ca = 1108.52kg/m3
 Table 5 Proportion of different materials

Water Cement Fine aggregate Coarse aggregate

185.4 liters 579.375 kg 467.58 kg 1108.52 kg

0.32 1 0.81 1.91

Actual quantities required for the mix per bag: The mix is
0.32:1:0.81:1.919 .
Cement = 50kg
Fine aggregate = 40.5kg
Coarse aggregate = 95.5kg
(Fraction I=47.75kg, Fraction II = 47.75kg)
(Fraction I =10mm, Fraction II = 20mm)
Quantity of water=16 liters
Actual quantity of water to be added = 16.0+0.80= 16.80 liters (Add Extra
quantity of water for absorption)
Actual quantity of sand = 40.5 kg (after allowing for mass of free moisture)
Actual quantity of coarse aggregate required:
Fraction I =47.75-0.385=47.365kg
Fraction II=47.75-0.385=47.365kg
 Conclusion

It is obligatory to design the mix for high strength

concrete.
Design mix for a site/construction results in
economy.
By designing a mix, we can achieve the required
compressive strength and workability by consuming
minimum quantity of concrete materials.
It is suggested that all the contractors/builders
should get the design mix done for bringing quality
control in construction.
 References

 IS: 456 (2000) Code of Practice for Plain and Reinforced

Concrete, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.
 IS: 10262 (1982) Concrete Mix Design, Bureau of Indian
Standards, New Delhi.
 Neville, A.M. (1994) Properties of Concrete technology, 4th
ed., Longman Scientific & Technical Essex, U.K.
 www.sciencedirect.com
 https://www.slideshare.net/gauravhtandon1/concrete-m
ix-design
 Websites
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