Concrete Technology

Assignment #(10)

Submitted by: Honey

I.D #: 119661

Date:31-10-2017

School of Engineering and Technology,

Asian Institute of Technology,Thailand

 Chemical Reactions of Aggregates

Other aggregate Reactions

Alkali-Carbonate Reaction
(Certain Carbonate Rocks
participate in reactions with
alkalies and produce
detrimental expansion and
cracking.)
Alkali-Silica Reaction
1. Hydration of anhydrous MgO,
(OH- associated with
CaO, CaSO4
Alkalies from the cement
2. Oxidation of Pyrite
and certain siliceous
3. Metallic Iron as contaminant
constituents from the
4. Reactions from organic impurities
aggregate)

ASR Gel which Concrete

Alkalis Reactive Silica Moisture
expands Cracking

Sodium (Na+) Amorphous Water found in pore Creation of Alkali-Silica Gel

Potassium(K+) silica spaces in concrete 1. Aggregate in solution, pre ASR
Main Sources: Main Sources: Main Sources: damage
Portland Opal, Addition of water to 2. Surface of aggregate is attacked by
cement, Cherts , concrete mixture, OH-
Deicing agents, Volcanic rocks, Moist environment, 3. Silanol groups (Si-OH) on surface are
Sea water Strained quartz Permeable concrete broken down by OH- into SiO-
molecules
4. Released SiO- molecules attract alkai
Lab Tests for ASR: cations in pore solution, forming a gel
around the aggregate
1. Petrographic Examination (ASTM C295)
5. Alkali-Silica gel takes in water,
(Determination of the presence and quantities of reactive expanding and exerting a force
Materials by Petrographic Examination is helpful in against surrounding concrete
Evaluating potential alkali reactivity.) 6. When expansionary pressure
exceeds the tensile strength of
concrete, the concrete cracks
2. Mortar -Bar Test for potential reactivity (ASTM C227)
Test at 38℃ to in high alkali cement,
Measure Length at 14days,1,2,3,4,6,9,12 months,
Harmful if > 0.05% at 3 months & < 0.10% at 6 months

3. Chemical Test for potential reactivity (ASTM C289)

(Used primarily for the quick evaluation with results being obtained in a few days as
compared with 3-12 months with the Mortar-Bar Test)

1.Avoid High Alkali

How to content 4. Use Lithium
2. Avoid reactive 3. Control
Prevent (use low alkali additives prior to
aggregate access to
ASR Portland cement, placement of
(Amorphous silica) water
Damage Replace cement with concrete
pozzolanic admixture)