Production of 20,000 LPD

biodiesel from chicken fat waste

Project Supervisor:
Dr. Muhammad Sagir
Co-Supervisor:
Engr. Muhammad Tehseen Sadiq
Presented By:
Moiz Khalil (16103123-007)
Saqib Sulman (16103123-041)
 Table of Contents.
 Introduction to Biodiesel
 Future aspects of Petroleum
 Energy Scenario in Pakistan
 Prospects of Biodiesel in Pakistan
 Process Flow Diagram
 Process Conditions
 Energy balance
 Introduction to Biodiesel

Biodiesel

Biodiesel is defined by ASTM International as

“A fuel composed of mono alkyl esters of long-chain
fatty acids derived from renewable vegetable oils or animal
fats meeting the requirements of ASTM D6751’’.

 Less toxic Renewable, stable, non-corrosive

 Compatibility with existing Technology
 Reduce net carbon-dioxide emissions by 78%
How Long will petroleum last?
 World oil Reservoirs
We use about 97 million barrels per day. Oil reserves are 1,497.98
billion barrels. This equates to approximately 42 years of oil!

Things taken into account

Rate of use New Technology

Price Undiscovered Resources

 The world without
replacement of fuels
 Energy Scenario in Pakistan
PSO Report on Diesel Consumption

o 8 million tons of diesel and 7.2 million tons of furnace oil per
year.

Imports
o 9 million tons of diesel and furnace oil is imported out of
which Pakistan State Oil alone imports 3.4 million tons of
diesel and 4 million tons of furnace oil
 Prospects of Biodiesel in Pakistan

Government policy & Aims

 The Pakistan government is planning to replace 5 per cent of
its yearly diesel consumption with biodiesel by 2015 and will
raise the figure to 10 per cent by 2050. About $1 billion
reported to be saved by country.

PSO Initiative
 PSO has planted Jatropha Curcas plant (a non-edible and
potential source of energy) at a PSO site in Sindh.
 Process conditions
Unit Temperature in Celsius

Heating tank 180°C

Reactor 80°C

Distillation column 60°C

Neutralizer 60°C

Evaporator 90°C
Energy Balance
 Introduction
• According to law of conservation of energy:
• [Rate of accumulation of energy within the system = Rate of
energy entering the system – rate of energy leaving the system
_ rate of energy generation]
• For the steady state system no accumulation of mass or energy
within the system, so by modifying the above equation, and
applying across equipment's , the energy balance of equipment
is in the following slides.
• The equipment on which energy balance is applied are:
1. Heating Unit
2. Reactor
3. Distillation Column
4. Neutralizer
5. Evaporating Unit
 Heating Tank
•  
Datum Temperature = 25ºC
• Lipid enter at datum temp & pressure
• of lipid = 2.01 KJ/KG.ºC
• Energy Input
• Q=m
• = .25ºC
• = 211155 KJ/hr
•  Energy Output
• of oil+water= 2.299 KJ/KG.ºC
• of biomass = 2.159 KJ/KG.ºC
• Water + oil leaves at 180 ºC
 Output biomass
= .155ºC
= 819294.62 KJ/hr
 Water + oil output
= .155ºC
= 621812 KJ/hr
•  
Total Energy output
• = 621812 +819294.62 +211155
• = 1441106.05
 Required Energy
• R.E = energy output – energy input
• = 1441106.05 + 211155
• R.E = 1229951
•  

water + oi water + oil

= 621812
 Heating Tank
Waste Chicken fat

= 211155
180
Biomass

= 819294.06
 Reactor
•  Energy Input
 For lipids
• Mass flowrate of lipids = 840
• of lipids = 2.008 KJ/KG.ºC
• = 40ºC
• Q=m
• = .40ºC
• = 67468.8
• For
  sulphuric Acid
• Mass flowrate of sulphuric acid = 31.25
• = 1.34 KJ/Kg.ºC
• = 25ºC
• Q=m
• = .25ºC
• = 1046.87
 For Methanol
• Mass flowrate of methanol = 201.95
• = 2.63 KJ/Kg.ºC
• = 25ºC
• Q=m
• = .25ºC
• = 13278.21
• Heat
  of Reaction
• Q = m.λ
• Q = 1073.21(22.717)
• Q = 24380
 Total energy input
• Q = 106173.88
 Total energy output
• Mass flowrate of output product = 1066.66
• = 2.52 KJ/Kg.ºC
• = 40ºC
• Q=m
• = .40ºC
• = 107519.496
•   Methanol = = 13278.21

99% conversion of lipids

into FAME in Reactor
Lipids = = 67468.8 Product Stream
Temp = 65°C
= 107519.496

Methanol to Lipid ratio

Catalyst = = 1046.87 is 6:1 U
•
Distillation Column
Energy input
 
• Mass flowrate of feed = 1066.66
• of lipids = 2.189 KJ/KG.ºC
• = 40ºC
• Q=m
• = .40ºC
• = 93391.496
 Energy output
 For Methanol
• Mass flowrate of methanol = 105.401
• = 1.466 KJ/Kg.ºC = 1.50 KJ/Kg.ºC
• = 68.65ºC
• Q=m λ=1011
• =
• = 122702.77
• For Water
 
• Mass flowrate of water = 0.0118
• of water = 4.193 KJ/KG.ºC
• = 43ºC
• Q=m
• = .43ºC
• = 2.1275
 Total Energy output for Top Product
• += 122702.77 + 2.1275
• += 122704.89
 For Bottom Product
• Mass flowrate of water = 961.25
• of water = 2.12 KJ/KG.ºC
• = 55ºC
• Q=m
• = .55ºC
• = 112081

• Total Output Energy ( Top+Bottom)
 
• = 112081 + 122704.89
• Top + Bottom = 234786.65
 Required Energy
• Energy Required = Energy output – Energy Input
• Energy required = 234786.65 + 93391.496
• R.E = 141395144
•  
Top Product = 122704.89

Methanol = = 122702.77
Water = = 2.1275

Feed Stream
= 93391.496
Distillation
column
Bottom product

= 112081
 Neutralizer

• Energy Input
 
 For Bottom Product
• Mass flowrate = 961.25
• = 2.12 KJ/KG.ºC
• = 55ºC
• Q=m
• = .55ºC
• = 112081
 For CaO input
• Mass flowrate = 17.86
• = 075 KJ/KG.ºC
• = 0ºC
• Q=m
• = .0ºC
• =0

• Energy
  output
 For Unreacted Product
• Mass flowrate = 935.74
• = 2.12 KJ/KG.ºC
• = 55ºC
• Q=m
• = .55ºC
• = 109107.284
 For
• Mass flowrate = 43.37
• = 1.3 KJ/KG.ºC
• = 55ºC
• Q=m
• = .55ºC
• = 3100.995
• For Hear of Reaction
 
• Mass flowrate of = 43.37
• = 1.33 KJ/Kg =0.421 KJ/Kg
• = = 1.76 KJ/Kg
• = m.
• = 76.33
 Total Energy Output
• Q + = 112284.28
 Required Energy
• R.E = Energy output – Energy input
• R.E = 112284.28 + 112081
• R.E = 2.3.28
•  
Bottom Product + Base

Q = 112081 Unreacted Product

= 109107.284
Neutralizer
100%
conversion
of acid
Temp=80CaSO₄
C
= 3100.995
 Evaporator Unit

• Energy input
 
• Mass flowrate of FAME-Water phase = 840.25
• = 2.44 KJ/KG.ºC
• = 30ºC
• Q=m
• = .30ºC
• = 61506.3
 Energy Output
 For Methanol
• Mass flowrate of methanol = 0.85
• = 3.75 KJ/Kg.ºC = 1.57 KJ/Kg.ºC
• = 68.65ºC
• Q=m λ=1011
• =
• = 1122.75
• For
  Water
• Mass flowrate of water = 3.604
• = 4.2 KJ/Kg.ºC = 2.081 KJ/Kg.ºC
• = 100ºC
• Q=m
• =
• = 9340.88
 Total Energy output of top product
• Q = = 1122.75 +9340.88
• Q = 10463.63
 Total Energy output of Bottom product
• Mass flowrate = 831.66
• = 2.207 KJ/KG.ºC
• = 85ºC
• Q=m
• = .85ºC
• = 156015.25
•  
Total Energy Output
• Q+= 10463.63 +156015.25
• Q+= 166478.88
 Required Energy
• R.E = Energy Output – Energy Input
• R.E = 166478.88 - 61506.3
• Required Energy = 104972.58
•  
Top Product = Q = 10463.63

Water = = 9340.88
Evaporation Unit Methanol = = 1122.75
99.5% pure
Water-FAME phase
Biodiesel is
= 61506.3 obtained Bottom Product
Temp=110C = 156015.25
Thank You