SSBT’s College of Engineering and Technology, Jalgaon.

Department of Electrical Engineering

Presentation on
Performance analysis of dq-PLL based controller for
synchronization of grid tied inverter

Presented by
Miss. Prajakta R. Narkhede
Guided by
Prof. (Dr.) Paresh J. Shah

1
Outline

Introduction
Necessity of synchronization
Objective
Basic Model of the grid tied inverter
Simulation parameters
Performance Analysis
Results
Advantages of d-q PLL
Conclusion
References
Paper Published By Candidate
2
Introduction

In the recent years, the studies on renewable energy sources (RES)
have increased fast.
Electrical energy produced from the RES is preferred to transfer to
electric grid instead of storing in batteries.
What is synchronization?
Standards of Synchronization
1. IEEE 1547
2. IEC61727
What is grid tied inverter?

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Necessity of Synchronization

Effect of poor synchronization on grid system

1. Poor synchronization causes the load imbalance
2. Poor synchronization causes damage to the connected equipment
3. Poor synchronization causes instability in the grid
4. Poor synchronization causes power outages in the grid itself.

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Objective

To synchronize the inverter with grid in adverse operating conditions

To reduce voltage disturbance & undesirable effects
To determine the Phase angle, frequency and amplitude of voltage
To reduce harmonics
To improve power quality

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Basic model of grid tied inverter

Fig.1 Basic model of grid tied inverter

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PI controller block diagram

Fig.2. PI controller block diagram

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Simulation Parameters
Sr. No. Parameters Value
1. Three phase peak voltage 330V
2. Grid voltage 230V
3. DC supply 650V
4. Supply frequency fs 50HZ
5. Filter Inductance Lf 3mH
6. Inductor internal resistance rf 0.05Ω
7. Filter capacitance 30μF
8. Capacitive resistance 0.5Ω
9. Load 1 R=30Ω, L=75mH
10. Load 2 R=10.29Ω, L=25.86mH

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Performance Analysis- Grid tied Inverter

Fig.3 MATLAB simulink model of grid tied inverter

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Performance Analysis-Inverter circuit

Fig.4 Simulink model of inverter

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Performance Analysis- PI controller

Fig.5 Simulink model of PI controller

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Performance Analysis- PI controller
The active power (P) and reactive power
(Q) supplied to grid can be given in
synchronous reference frame as
P=1.5(Vodid+Voqiq) (1)
Q=1.5(Vodiq+Voqid) (2)
Where the Vod , Voq , id , iq are the voltages
and currents after the filter in dqo
reference frame and P, Q are the active and
reactive power respectively
Assumed Voq =0 and hence (1) and (2) can
be written as
P = 1.5Vod id
Q = 1.5Vod iq
From above equations, id and iq can be
extracted as-
Id = 2P/3 Vod
Iq = 2Q/3 Vod
Fig.6 Current controller
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Performance Analysis

Fig.7 Reference Current calculator

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Results
Fig. shows the voltage and current of the inverter without using any filter. It is
seen from figure that the waveform is not pure sinusoidal. When filter is
connected then the wave form will become pure sinusoidal.
 

Fig. 8 Inverter output (non-filtered) (a)Voltage (b) current

14
Results
Fig. shows the Inverter output Voltage and current waveform. From the figure
we can observe that initially there are some distortions, but when control
strategy is adopted waveform will become pure sinusoidal as shown in
figure. Therefore this shows effective control strategy.

Fig.9 Inverter output (filtered) (a)Voltage (b) current

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Results
Fig. shows the inverter output and grid voltage on same axis. Yellow line
indicates the inverter voltage whereas pink line indicates the grid voltage.
From waveform it is observed that the voltage of inverter and grid are same
both in magnitude and phase. This is the condition for inverter grid
synchronization. Therefore by using dq PLL method proper synchronization
can be achieved.

Fig. 10 Grid and inverter output voltages on same axis

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Results
Fig. shows the inverter output waveform. Initially the breaker which is
connected in series with first R-L load is open. Therefore the current is small
upto 0.4 sec. But after 0.4 Sec the breaker will be closed. Therefore second
load is added to the system and load current increases after 0.4 sec.

Fig. 11 Inverter output current

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Results
Because of the tracking ability of PLL and PI controller the inverter output
voltage is nearly in phase with grid current when the q axis current reference is
set to zero as shown in fig. The inverter output voltage is synchronous with
grid current. It can be seen that grid current is nearly in phase with output
inverter voltage, it means that the control algorithm satisfies the condition of zero
value of the reactive power.

Fig 12 Inverter output voltage and grid current

18
Results
Fig. shows the active power supplied by inverter to grid. The power
goes on increasing.
Power

Time

Fig.13 Active power supplied by inverter to grid

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Results

Fig. Shows the reactive power supplied by inverter to grid. The reactive
power is zero. This shows the unity power factor operation.
Power

Time

Fig .14 Reactive power supplied by inverter to grid

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Results
Fig. shows the FFT analysis of inverter. THD value is 0.76 % which is
according to IEEE standard.

Fig.15 FFT analysis of Inverter

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Comparison with existing system

Sr. No dq-PLL Other methods

1. Structure is simple and easy to Complex structure
implement
2. Performance is good In zero crossing detection
method, the zero crossing points
can only be detected at every
half cycle of the utility voltage
frequency. Therefore its
performance is not so good.
3. It gives fast response The αβ algorithm method
requires time for operation

4. Don’t require large algorithm In adaptive PLL method large

algorithm is required

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Advantages of dq-PLL
1.Its structure is simple and easy to implement
2. Active and reactive power is controlled independently by
controlling current in d and q axis.
3.It avoids transients in active power by changing reactive
power & vice versa.
4.It has fast response and good filtering characteristics.

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Conclusion
 This project represents a simulated model of three phase grid tied inverter and
closed loop current control scheme for the same.
The overall simulation of system is simulated in MATLAB through PLL based
PWM technique by using DC supply.
The proposed system is capable for synchronizing with grid with little
distortion as per grid requirement.
 It can be easily observed from the waveforms that there is scope for further
research in improving the quality of the power.
After the compensation, the grid voltage and current are in phase with inverter
voltage and current.
The SPWM technique is very useful in improving the power quality.
The THD is well below the limit 5%.
All simulation results confirmed that the output voltage of the SPWM
controlled grid tied inverter are balanced with the grid and grid
synchronization is successfully achieved.

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Paper Published/Communicated by candidate
1. Miss. Prajakta R. Narkhede and Dr. Paresh J. Shah,
“Performance Analysis of dq-PLL Based Controller for
Synchronization of Grid Tied Inverter,” Journal of
Engineering, Computing and Architecture, India, Vol.10,
pp.70-74, 2020.
2. Miss. Prajakta R. Narkhede and Dr. Paresh J. Shah,
“Inverter grid synchronization- A review and simulation”
International journal of Engineering Research and
Applications, India, Vol.10, pp.31-36,2020.
3. Miss. Prajakta R. Narkhede and Dr. Paresh J. Shah,
“Synchronization of grid tied inverter using dq-PLL”
International conference on Global trends in Engineering
and Technology-ICGTET 2020-21, India,

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THANK
YOU!

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