Starter

Before ,we deal with starter we should know some

fundamental.

Every D.c motors basically are self starting motors.

As armature & field winding recieves supply

motoring action take place.

Device which is used as starter conveys wrong

meaning
So we can conclude that “Starter is not required to
start a dc motor , but it enables us to start the motor
in a desired safe way”
b
Now at starting instant the speed of motor is zero,
as due to this back emf is also zero .

As Eb is proportional to N.

Voltage Eq. is

V= Eb + IaRa
At start,

V = Ia Ra (as Eb =0)

So ,generally motor start at normal voltage and as

armature resistance is very small , armature current
start at very high.
 As armature current is 15 to 20 times more than the
load current at starting , which we will understand
by 1 eg.

Consider a motor having full load input power

as 8000watts,motor rated with 250 v & armature


resistance is 0.5
High current drawn by armature
causes

As in constant voltage system, such high inrush of

current may cause line voltage fluctuations , which also
effect the performance of other equipment connected to
same line.
Such high Ia blows out the fuses.

Suppose motor start to failed due to problem in field

winding,such high Ia flowing for a longer time may
burn the insulation of armature winding.
Assume that ,we are dealing with shunt motor
operation then

As armature current is 15 to 20 times more than the

full load current ,the torque developed which is
proportional to Ia is also 15 to 20times.

Due to such high torque , the shaft & other

accessories subject to high mechanical stresses.

This stress causes permanent mechanical damage to

the motor
So to reduce this armature current a variable
resistance is connected in series with the armature
at start.

This resistance is called starter or starting device.

So ,basically starter is a current limiting device.

In beginning the entire resistance is in the series

with armature and then gradually cut-off as motor
gather speed ,producing back e.m.f.
 Types of Starter

Three Point Starter

Four Point Starter

Three point Starter
 overview
figure shows the schematic diagram of a three point
starter for a shunt motor
It is so called because it has three terminals L, F and A.
the starter consist of starting resistance divided into
several sections and connected in series with the
armature.
The tapping points of the starting resistance are known
as number of studs
. The three terminal L, F and A of the starter are
connected respectively to the positive line terminal,
shunt field terminal and armature terminal.
The other terminal of the armature and shunt field
windings are connected to the negative terminal of
the supply .the no volt coil is connected in the
shunt field circuit.
One end of the handle is connected to the terminal
L through the over load release coil. The other end
of the handle moves against a spiral spring and
make contact with each stud during starting
operation cutting out more and more starting
resistance as it passes over each stud in clockwise
direction.
 Working
1)Initially when a DC supply is
switched ON with handle in the OFF
position.
2) The handle is now moved clockwise to
the first stud, the shunt field winding is
directly connected across the supply while
the whole starting resistance is inserted in
series with the armature circuit.
3) As the handle is gradually moved over
to the final stud, the starting resistance is
cut out of the armature circuit in steps.
4)If the supply voltage is suddenly interrupted or if the
field excitation is accidently cut, the no volt release coil is
demagnetized and the handle goes back to the OFF position
under the pull of the spring.
5)If no volt coil were not used, then in case of failure of
supply. The handle would remain on the final stud.

6)If then supply is restored, the motor will be directly

connected across the supply, resulting in an excessive
armature current.
7)If the motor is overloaded (or any fault occurs) it
will draw excessive current from the supply. This
current will increase the ampere turns of the overload
release coil and pull the armature, thus short circuited
the no volt release coil.

8)The no volt coil is demagnetized and the handle is

pulled to the OFF position by the spring .thus the
motor is automatically disconnected from the supply
 Limitations Of The Three
Point Starter:

Unnecessary tripping of starter if a field regulator is

connected in series with the field windings for
speed control operation.

This combination and magnetizing coil will carry

same current if more and more resistance is added
in field regulator then current in magnetizing coil is
unable to hold the arm in attracted position and
unnecessarily the arm will be released even if there
is no over loading .this is avoided in four point
starter.
THANK YOU