P-V DIAGRAM

OTTO & DIESEL CYCLE

Oleh
Gema Putra Rahardjo
1906381312
Universitas Indonesia
Otto Cycle Analysis

 Source https://engines.honda.com/models/model-
detail/gx50
 Analisis Siklus Otto

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V clearance (Vc) V1, V2, V3,V4 T1 & P1 , Vr 1 & U1 M (Massa) udara

CR = (Vdisp + Vc)/ Vc V1 = V disp + Vc Asumsi keadaan suhu dan m = Vdisp/Specific volume 1

8 = (47,9 + Vc) / Vc V1 = 47,9 + 6,8429 = 54,7429 CC tekanan udara normal Specific volume 1 = RT1/P1

8Vc = 47,9 + Vc V1 = V4 P1 = 1 atm = 100 kPa Specific volume 1

Vc = 47,9 / 7 = 6,8429 CC V2 = Vc = V3 T1 = 30oC = 303 K = 0,287*303/100

V2 = 6,8429 CC = V3 Didapat = 0,86961 m^3/kg

Vr 1 = 606,08 m = 0,0000479/0,86961

m = 0,00005508 kg
U1 = 216,23 kJ/kg
 Analisis Siklus Otto

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Vr 2, T2 & U2 K P2

Process 1-2, Isentropic T1/T2 = (1/R)^k-1 P2 = P1 * CR^k

303/679,2 = (1/8)^k-1
Vr2 = Vr1/Cr P2 = 100 * 8^ 1,38817
Ln 0,446 = (k-1) ln 0,125
Vr2 = 606,08/8 P2 = 1793,256 kPa
K-1 = 0,38817
Vr2 = 75,76
K = 1,38817
Didapat

T2 = 679,2 K

U2 = 495,96 kJ/kg
 Analisis Siklus Otto

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Work net Cycle

Net Work Output (Wnet) Thermal Efficiency Qin
(w net)
Wnet w net = Wnet/m Nth = 1 – 1/r^k-1 Qin = w net/Nth
=Pnet*60 s*2/(7000) w net = Nth = 1- 1/(8^1,38817-1) Qin
=1,47*60*2/7000 0,0252/0,00005508 Nth = 1 – 1/(8^0,38817)
= 457,516/0,5538
=0,0252 kJ w net = 457,516 kJ/kg Nth = 55,38% atau 0,5538
= 826,1394 kJ/kg
 Analisis Siklus Otto

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QOut U3, T3, Vr 3 P3 Vr 4, T4 & U4

Qout = Qin – w net Process 2-3, Isokhorik P3 = P2 * (T3/T2) * (V2/V3) Vr 4 = r Vr3

Qout = 826,1394 -457,516 Qin = U3 – U2
Qout = 368,6234 kJ/kg
826,1394 = U3 – 495,56 kJ/kg
U3 = 1321.6994 kJ/kg
Didapat
T3 = 1625,05 K
Vr3 = 5,519
P3 = 1793,256 kPa * (1625,05/679,2) Vr 4 = 8 * 5,519
P3 = 4290,53 kPa Vr 4 = 44,152
P3 = 4,29053 MPa Didapat
T4 = 824,602 K
U4 = 612,354 kJ/kg
P4 Analisis Siklus Otto
Process 4-1, Isokhorik
P4 = P1*(T4/T1)*(V1/V4)
P4 = 100 * (824,602/303)
P4 = 272,146 kPa

Titik Diagram
Dan di dapat
P1 = 100 kPa, V1 = 54,7429 cm^3
P2 = 1793,256 kPa , V2 = 6,8429 cm^3
P3 = 4290,53 kPa, V3 = 6,8429cm^3
Efisiensi Termal
P4 = 272,146 kPa, V4 = 54,7429 cm^3
Nth = 55,38% atau 0,5538
 Diesel Cycle Analysis

DongFeng R 175 A
Volume Silinder in Liter = Displacement
Bore x Stroke in mm
Source
http://www.dongfengindonesia.com/product/
r-175-a/
 Analisis Siklus Diesel

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V clearance (Vc) V1, V2,V4 T1 & P1 , Vr 1 & U1 V3

CR = (Vdisp + Vc)/ Vc
22 = (0,353 + Vc) / Vc
22Vc = 0,353 + Vc
Vc = 0,353 / 21 = 0,01681 L
V1 = V disp + Vc Asumsi keadaan suhu dan Asumsikan cut off ratio (Rc)
V1 = 0,353 + 0,01681 = 0,36981 tekanan udara normal =2
L P1 = 1 atm = 100 kPa
Maka didapat V3
V1 = V4 T1 = 30oC = 303 K
V3 = Rc * V2
V2 = Vc Didapat
V3 = 2 * 0,01681
V2 = 0,01681 L Vr 1 = 606,08
V3 = 0,03362 L
U1 = 216,23 kJ/kg
 Analisis Siklus Diesel

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Vr 2, T2 & h2 k P2 & P3 T3, Vr 3 & h3

Process 1-2, Isentropic T1/T2 = (1/R)^k-1 Process 2-3 Isobarik, Maka T3 = T2 * Rc

Vr2 = Vr1/22 303/970,2 = (1/22)^k-1
P2 = P1 * CR^k T3 = 970,2 * 2
Vr2 = 606,08/22 Ln 0,3123 = (k-1) ln 0,454
P2 = 100 * 22^ 1,3765 T3 = 1940,4 K
Vr2 = 27,5491 K-1 = 0,3765
P2 = 7044,413 kPa Didapat
Didapat K = 1,3765
P2 = 7,044413 MPa Vr3 = 3,0744
T2 = 970,2 K

h2 = 1012,12 kJ/kg P2 = P3 = 7,044413 MPa h3 = 2177,74 kJ/kg


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T4
Process 3-4, Isentropic
T4 = T3 * (V3/V4)^(k-1)
T4
= 1940,4 *
(0,03362/0,36981)^0,3765
= 1940,4 * (0,90911)^0,3765
= 1940,4 * 0,405434
T4 = 786,7041K
Analisis Siklus Diesel
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P4 Vr 4 & U4
P4 = P3 * (V3/V4)^k
T4 = 786,7041 K
P4 = 7,044413 *
Didapat
(0,90911)^1,3765
U4 = 581,544 kJ/kg
P4 = 0,259647 MPa Vr4 = 50,45
P4 = 259,647 kPa
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W net
Q in = h3 – h2
Q in = 2177,74 – 1012,12
Q in = 1165,62
Q out = U4 – U1
Q out = 581,544 – 216,23
Q out = 365,314
w net = 1165,62 – 365,314
w net = 800.306kJ/kg
Efisiensi
Termal (Nth) Analisis Siklus Diesel
Nth = w net / Q in
Nth = 800,306 / 1165,62
Nth = 0,6866 atau 68,66%
Air Nth = 0,6378 atau 63,78%

Titik Diagram
Dan di dapat titik titik diagram sebagai
berikut :
P1 = 100 kPa, V1 = 369,81 CC
P2 = 7044,413 kPa , V2 = 16,81 CC
P3 = 7044,413 kPa, V3 = 33,62 CC
P4 = 259,647 kPa, V4 = 369,81 CC