Simulation of growth and seed cotton yield for promising

cultivars at different planting time under Multan Condition

BY
MUHAMMAD REHAN
2012-ag-4092
M.Sc. (Hons.) Agronomy

Supervisor
SYED AFTAB WAJID

2
Outline
• Introduction

• Review of the literature

• Objectives

• Materials and Methods

• Results

• References
 INTRODUCTION
Sr. no. Country Name Production Ranking
(Million Tonnes)
1 India 5.88 1st
2 China 5.17 2nd
3 USA 2.82 3rd
4 Pakistan 1.53 4th
5 Brazil 1.50 5th
6 Uzbekistan 0.86 6th
7 Others 4.28
8 Total World 22.03
Source: PCCC, Ministry of textile industry, Pakistan (GOP 2016)
 INTRODUCTION
 In Pakistan

 Area under cotton Cultivation = 2917 thousand hectares

 Seed cotton production = 10.074 million bales
 Contribution in GDP = 1% approx.
 Value added in agriculture = 5.1%

 Cotton lint yields went down to a complete failure during the

years 2012-15 leading to consumption of precious foreign
exchange for fabric and thread import

(Govt. of Pakistan, 2016)

 Problems Statement
 Extreme weather events (drought/ hot/ cold spells) have
severe effects on crops, and their occurring frequency is
highly correlated with Climate variability, as compared to
their mean values. (Katz
and Brown, 1992)

 Moreover, early sown cotton becomes exposed to heat stress

at its reproductive stage leading to retarded floral bud,
desiccation of flowers and obstructed boll formation

(Lobel & Asner, 2003; Salvucci & Crafts-brandner, 2004)

 Cont…
Under Pakistan conditions, late sown cotton most probably
face torrential rainfall at its reproductive phase hence,
vegetative growth triggers due to indeterminate growth
behavior and source sink relationship becomes affected by
switching off the ongoing reproductive development
(Taha et al., 1996)

In addition, climatic variability in terms of uneven rainfall

severely hamper cotton growth and development especially
at reproductive phase resulting in flower and boll drop
(Reddy et al., 1991)
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
 Planting of cotton at appropriate time provides maximum length
of growing season which harvests peak solar radiation and
accumulates more biomass.
(Arshad et al., 2007)

 Delayed Sowing is exposed to super optimal temperature at crop

stand establishment stage and sub optimal at reproductive stage
(Akhter et al., 2002)
 Optimum sowing time is to overcome the cold shock and to
reduce heat stress incidence to ensure that fruit has sufficient
time to mature with better quality and optimum seed cotton
yield
(Singh et al., 2007)
 Cont…
 Sowing time and plant spacing are the vital agronomic
practices to get the maximum seed cotton yield
(Ali et al., 2007)

 Decision Support System for Agro-technology Transfer

(DSSAT) is a crop management based software package
including models for simulating 25 different crops in which
CROPGRO-Cotton model is used for cotton

(Jones et al., 2003; Hoogenboom et al., 2004)

 Objectives

 To determine the quantitative impact of sowing date on growth

and yield of cotton under agro-ecological condition of Multan

 To evaluate CROPGRO-Cotton Model for comparison

between observed and simulated seed cotton yield
performance under Multan conditions
 Materials and Methods
Design: RCBD with Split plot arrangement
Net Plot size: 3.5 m × 6 m
Replications: 3
Sowing method: Bed Sowing
R x R : 75 cm
P x P : 30 cm
Seed rate: 20 kg ha-1
Fertilizer: 125:75:75 kg NPK ha-1
 Treatments
Factor A: Sowing Dates Factor B: cultivars

 1st
March, 2017  FH-142
 15th March, 2017
 CIM-616
 1st Apirl,2017
 15th Apirl,2017

 1st May,2017
 15th May,2017
 OBSERVED TRAITS
YIELD TRAITS
 GROWTH TRAITS   Crop of
Number growth rate
Monopodial
 Germination count ( m-2) branches
Net assimilation
per plant rate
 Leaf area (cm2)  Number
Plant of Sympodial
height (cm) branches
 Leaf area index per plant
 Leaf area duration  Number of bolls per plant
 Number of opened bolls per
plant
 Number of unopened bolls per
plant
 Average boll weight (g)
 Seed cotton yield (kg ha-1)
 Ginning out
QUALITY turn (%)
TRAITS  Fiber length
 Fiber
fineness
 Model Methodology
• Model Calibration
Different model parameters will be
adjusted according to climatic conditions during
calibration at Multan.

• Model Evaluation
The model simulated data will be
compared with recorded data during the year 2017
for evaluation of accuracy
 References
• Government of Pakistan. 2016. Economic survey of Pakistan. Economic Advisor’s wing.
Finance Division. Government of Pakistan, Islamabad

• Katz, R.W. and B. G. Brown. 1992. Extreme events in a changing climate: variability is
more important than averages. Clim. Change, 21: 289-302

• Reddy, V. R., K. R. Reddy, and D. N. Baker. "Temperature effect on growth and

development of cotton during the fruiting period." Agronomy Journal 83.1 (1991): 211-217

• Arshad, M., A. Wajid, M. Maqsood, K. Hussain, M. Aslam and M. Ibrahim. 2007. Response
of growth, yield and quality of different cotton cultivars to sowing dates. Pak. J. Agri. Sci.,
Vol. 44(2): 208-12

• Ali, M., Q. M. Din, M. A. Ali, S. Sabir and L. Ali. 2004. Cotton Yield as Influenced by
Different Sowing Dates Under the Climatic Conditions of Vehari–Pakistan. Int. J. Agri.
Bio.6(4):644-646
• Jones, J.W., G. Hoogenboom, C.H. Porter, K.J. Boote, W.D. Batchelor,
andL.A.Hunt.2003.The DSSAT cropping system model. Eur. J. Agron., 18: 235-
265.

• Ali, H., Afzal, M. N., Ahmad, S., & Muhammad, D. (2009). Effect of cultivars and
sowing dates on yield and quality of Gossypium hirsutum L. crop. Journal of Food,
Agriculture and Environment, 7(3&4), 244-247.

• Hoogenboom, G., J.W. Jones, P.W. Wilkens, C.H. Porter, W.D. Batchelor, and L.A.
Hunt. 2004.Decision Support System for Agro-technology Transfer, Version 4.0.
Univ. of Hawaii, Honolulu. USA.