Outline

• Introduction

• Review of the literature

• Objectives

• Materials and Methods

• Results

• References
 INTRODUCTION
Sr. no. Country Name Production Ranking
(Million Tonnes)
1 India 5.88 1st
2 China 5.17 2nd
3 USA 2.82 3rd
4 Pakistan 1.53 4th
5 Brazil 1.50 5th
6 Uzbekistan 0.86 6th
7 Others 4.28
8 Total World 22.03
Source: PCCC, Ministry of textile industry, Pakistan (GOP 2016)
 INTRODUCTION
 In Pakistan

 Area under cotton Cultivation = 2917 thousand hectares

 Seed cotton production = 10.074 million bales
 Contribution in GDP = 1% approx.
 Value added in agriculture = 5.1%

 Cotton lint yields went down to a complete failure during the

years 2012-15 leading to consumption of precious foreign
exchange for fabric and thread import

(Govt. of Pakistan, 2016)

 Problems Statement
 Extreme weather events (drought/ hot/ cold spells) have
severe effects on crops, and their occurring frequency is
highly correlated with Climate variability, as compared to
their mean values. (Katz
and Brown, 1992)

 Moreover, early sown cotton becomes exposed to heat stress

at its reproductive stage leading to retarded floral bud,
desiccation of flowers and obstructed boll formation

(Lobel & Asner, 2003; Salvucci & Crafts-brandner, 2004)

 Cont…
Under Pakistan conditions, late sown cotton most probably
face torrential rainfall at its reproductive phase hence,
vegetative growth triggers due to indeterminate growth
behavior and source sink relationship becomes affected by
switching off the ongoing reproductive development
(Taha et al., 1996)

In addition, climatic variability in terms of uneven rainfall

severely hamper cotton growth and development especially
at reproductive phase resulting in flower and boll drop
(Reddy et al., 1991)
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
 Planting of cotton at appropriate time provides maximum length
of growing season which harvests peak solar radiation and
accumulates more biomass.
(Arshad et al., 2007)

 Delayed Sowing is exposed to super optimal temperature at crop

stand establishment stage and sub optimal at reproductive stage
(Akhter et al., 2002)
 Optimum sowing time is to overcome the cold shock and to
reduce heat stress incidence to ensure that fruit has sufficient
time to mature with better quality and optimum seed cotton
yield
(Singh et al., 2007)
 Cont…
 Sowing time and plant spacing are the vital agronomic
practices to get the maximum seed cotton yield
(Ali et al., 2007)

 Decision Support System for Agro-technology Transfer

(DSSAT) is a crop management based software package
including models for simulating 25 different crops in which
CROPGRO-Cotton model is used for cotton

(Jones et al., 2003; Hoogenboom et al., 2004)