04/08/21

MEASUREMENT
FOR hot and cold
water services

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 2

COLD WATER SYSTEM

PRINCIPLES
COLD WATER SYSTEM
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PRINCIPLES

There are two principle of cold

water
Supply systems:

 Direct system
 Indirect system
 DIRECT SYSTEM
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1. In this system, all sanitary fittings are

supplied with cold water direct from the
main.

2. For efficient operation, a high pressure

water supply is essential particularly at peak
demand.

3. Pipe work is minimal and the storage cistern

supplying the hot water cylinder.
 DIRECT SYSTEM
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4. Drinking water is available at every draw-

off point and maintenance valve should be
fitted to isolate each section of pipe work.

5. Every outlet supplied from the main, the

possibility if back siphonage must be
considered.
DIRECT COLD WATER SYSTEM
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Direct System
DIRECT COLD WATER SYSTEM
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DIRECT COLD WATER SYSTEM
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 INDIRECT SYSTEM
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1. In this system all the sanitary fittings, except

drinking water draw-offs at sinks, are supplied
indirectly from a cold water cistern.

2. In addition to its normal supply function, it

provides an adequate emergency storage in the
event of water main failure.

3. The system requires more pipework than direct

system and is therefore more expansive to install
 INDIRECT SYSTEM
10

4. Gives uniform pressure at all cistern-

supplied outlets.

5. Fewer fittings attached to the main – less

chance of back siphonage.

6. Lower pressure & Less noise

SECTION Q

MEASURMENT FOR COLD AND

HOT WATER SERVICES_MDM
04/08/21 NORUL IZZATI M.ASHAARI 11
PLUMBING & MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING INSTALLATION (Section Q)
Generally (Q.1)
 Particulars of the followings shall be given
◦ Regulations
◦ Kind and quality of material
◦ Gauge, thickness or substance of material
◦ Any tests

 The nature of the background to which work is to be fixed shall be given

in the description. Backgrounds shall be classified as follows (Q.1.6):
◦ Building board
◦ Timber
◦ Metal faced / composition
◦ Brickwork, concrete or stonework
◦ Plain metal
◦ glass

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PLUMBING & MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
INSTALLATION (Section Q)

1. Classification of Work (Q.2)

2. Location of work (Q.3):

◦ Internally
◦ Externally
◦ In plant room

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2.SPECIAL CONNECTION
 Special connection and special joints shall be
enumerated separately stating the nominal size
and kind of pipe concerned and the method of
jointing (Q.9.1)

 Classificationshall be as follows:-
◦ Connection between pipes of differing
materials and differing grades of the same
materials
◦ Connection between pipes and appliances or
equipment
◦ Connection to existing pipes

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3.SUNDRIES
Pipe sleeves through walls, floors and
ceiling shall be enumerated stating the
◦ type,
◦ lengths,
◦ the nominal size and
◦ kind of pipe passing through (Q.11.6)

Wall, floor or ceiling plates shall be

group together as plates and enumerated
stating the type and size (Q.11.7)

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 4.PIPEWORK SUPPORTS
 Standard pipe support shall be given in the description of the
pipes stating type and spacing of the supports (Q.12.1)

 Non-standard (Special) supports shall be so described and

enumerated (Q.12.2)

 Components such as clips, saddles, pipe-hooks, holderbats,

brackets, rollers, chairs and hangers used to fix supports for
more than one pipe shall be enumerated separately stating the
type and size of components.

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5.CONNECTION TO PUBLIC
MAIN
Connection to public mains which
may be carried out by a Public
Undertaking / Local Authority shall
be given as a provisional sum (Q.13)

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6.EQUIPMENT AND
ANCILLARIES

Equipment such as boilers, Heaters,

tanks, cylinders, pump, etc. and
ancillaries such as valves and cocks,
shall be enumerated (Q.19.1)

Package items of equipment and

ancillaries shall be described in
conjunction with the manufacturer’s
detailed specification (Q.19.2)
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7. EQUIPMENT SUPPORTS
Q.21.1– Equipment supports shall be
enumerated and described.

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8. INSULATION
Generally, particulars of Q.25.1a-d shall be
given

Insulation to pipe shall be given in meters

(Q.26.1) stating the type and nominal size of
the pipe.

Working insulation around ancillaries shall be

enumerated separately as extra over the
insulation (Q.26.2).

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8. INSULATION
Working insulation over flanges and pipe
fittings shall be deemed to be included
with the insulation pipe work (Q.26.3)

Insulation to equipment (Q.28.1)

shall be enumerated stating the
overall size of the unit

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9. SUNDRIES
Testing each installation shall be
given as an item stating (Q.30.4):-
◦ Any required qualifications of the
attendant
◦ The number of stage tests in addition
to the final
◦ The purpose of tests
◦ The instrument and appliances required
to be provided

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10. BUILDER’S WORK
All items of builder’s work shall be
given in accordance with the
appropriate sections (Q.31.1)

Builder’s work in connection with

plumbing and mechanical engineering
installations shall be group together
under appropriate heading (Q.31.2)

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10. BUILDER’S WORK
EXAMPLE:-

◦ Trench excavation
◦ Inspection chambers
◦ Boring or excavation holes in the
ground

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25
COLD WATER
INSTALLATION

1. Pipe work
2. Pipe fittings
3. Valve
4. Water tank
5. Excavation
6. Testing

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1. PIPEWORK
 Have to be separated according to type & size and
place laid/fixed (Q.8.4)

 Measured in meter (Q.8.1), stating the size and

nominal size.

 EXAMPLES OF DESCRIPTION:-

Galvanised mild steel tubing class ‘C’ to BS…. as

described:-
….mm diameter incoming pipe.
….mm diameter riser pipe concealed into brickwall /
fixed in roof spaced including aprroved brackets.

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1. PIPEWORK (CONT’D)
 EXAMPLES OF DESCRIPTION:-

 Plasticised polyvinyl chloride pipe to BS … as

described and jointed in accordance with
manufacturers instruction
 ….mm diameter distribution pipe concealed in
brickwork
 Light gauge copper tubing to B.S 2871 with
compression joint as described:-
 12mm diameter tubing fixed to wall (m)
 19mm diameter tubing embedded in concrete
(m)

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2. PIPE FITTINGS
 Measured in No. as extra over the pipe
(Q.8.6)

 The following details shall be given:-

For reducing fittings, the nominal size of each

end shall be stated

For branch fittings stating whether square,

angled or sweep

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2. PIPE FITTINGS (CONT’D)
 EXAMPLES OF DESCRIPTION:-

 Galvanised mild steel tubing to B.S 1387 as described:-

 Extra Over for ….mm x …mm diameter bend / tee

 Light gauge copper tubing to B.S 2871 with

compression joint as described:-

 Extra Over pipe for 12mm x 12mm Diameter bend (No.)

 Extra Over pipe for 12mm x 12mm x 12mm diameter
tee (No.)

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3. VALVE
 Stop valve – high pressure pipework (before main water tank)

 Gate valve – low pressure pipework (after main water tank)

 Measured in No.

EXAMPLES OF DESCRIPTION:-

Brass B.S … as described:-

…mm diameter high pressure screwdown stop valve and jointing to
galvanised iron tubing at both ends.

….mm Diameter low pressure, gate valve and jointing to pre tubing
at both ends

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4. WATER TANK / CISTERN
 Measured in No.

 EXAMPLES OF DESCRIPTION:-

 ….mm x ….mm x ….mm fibre glass, …

gallons complete with cover, automatic
ball valve …mm diamater overflow and
drain pipe fixing approximately ….mm
high above ground level to support
structure.

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4. WATER TANK / CISTERN

04/08/21 33
5. TESTING
 As an Item

 EXAMPLE OF DESCRIPTION:-

 On completion of the plumbing

installation test all cold water piping and
fittings make good any defects and leave
the whole in perfect working order to
the entire satisfaction of the S.O.

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35
DOMESTIC HOT WATER
SYSTEM

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HOT WATER
INSTALLATION
 Central Heating
Direct System
Indirect System

 Individual System
Electric Water Heater
Gas Water Heater
Solar Water Heater

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 A CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEM

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CENTRAL
HEATING:-

DIRECT
SYSTEM

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CENTRAL
HEATING:-

INDIRECT
SYSTEM

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INDIVIDUAL SYSTEM: 1.
ELECTRICAL WATER HEATER

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INDIVIDUAL SYSTEM: 1.
ELECTRICAL WATER HEATER

04/08/21 42
INDIVIDUAL SYSTEM: 1. GAS
WATER HEATER

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44
SUMMARY FOR ITEMS TO BE
MEASURED FOR HOT WATER
INSTALLATION
 Pipework  Insulation
 Copper, brass,  Insulation to pipe
stainless steel  Insulation to water
 Smaller nominal size source (boiler/cylinder)
compared to cold
water pipe  Hot Water Source
 Boiler
 Pipe fittings
 Calorifier
 Bends, elbow, tee
 Hot water cylinder
 Valves
 Stop / gate valves

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ITEM TO BE MEASURED
1. Pipework (m)
1. State the type, nominal size, method of
jointing and fixing
2. Pipe fittings (No.)
1. Extra over the pipe
3. Valves (No.)
1. State the type, nominal size, method of
fixing to pipe

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ITEM TO BE MEASURED
4. Insulation
4. To pipe work (Q.25)
5. To equipment (Q.28) (No.)
5. Boiler, Calorifiers, Hot water
cylinder (appliances for providing a
more-or-less constant supply of hot
water) (No.)
6. Testing (Item)

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48
HOT WATER IN COLD WATER
TANK

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