BIOENERGETICS

Muhammad Iqbal Khan

SS Biology
Email ID:
mikhan1313@yahoo.co
m
Contact # 0923135448175
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What is Bioenergetics?
The study of
energy in living
systems
(environments)
and the
organisms
(plants and
animals) that
utilize them

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 Energ
 Required y
by all
organisms
 May be
Kinetic or
Potential
energy
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 Kinetic
 Energy
Energy of
Motion
 Heat and
light energy
are
examples
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 Potential
 Energy
Energy
of
position
 Includes
energy
stored in

chemical 5
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 Two Types of
Energy
Reactions

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 Endergonic
 Reactions
Chemical reaction
that requires a net
input of energy.
Light
 Photosynthesis SUN Energy
photons

6CO2 + 6H2O  C6H12O6 +

6O2 7
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Exergonic
Reactions
 Chemical reactions that
releases energy
 Cellular Respiration
Energy

C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + ATP

6H 2O+
(glucose)

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Metabolic
of
Reactions
Cells

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What is
Metabolism?
The sum total


of the
chemical
activities of
all cells.

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Two Types of
Metabolism
 Anabolic
Pathways
 Catabolic

Pathways

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 Anabolic

Pathway
Metabolic reactions, which
consume energy (endergonic), to
build complicated molecules
simpler compounds.
from light
SUN
Photosynthesis
energy


6CO2 + 6H2O  C6H12O6 +

6O2
(glucose)
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 Catabolic
 Pathway
Metabolic reactions which release
energy (exergonic) by breaking
down complex molecules in simpler
compounds
energy
 Cellular Respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O ATP
+
(glucose)
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Cellular Energy -
ATP

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 AT
 Components:
P
1. adenine: nitrogenous base
2.ribose: five carbon sugar
3.phosphate group: chain
of 3
adenine phosphate group

P P P
ribose

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 Adenosine Triphosphate
 Three
phosphate
groups-(two
with high
energy bonds
 Last phosphate
group (PO4)
contains the
MOST energy
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Breaking the Bonds of ATP
 Process is called
phosphorylation
 Occurs continually
in cells
 Enzyme ATP-ase
can weaken &
break last PO4
bond releasing
energy & free
PO4 Muhammad Iqbal Khan SS Biology
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How does ATP
work ? use enzymes to
 Organisms
break down energy-rich
glucose to release its
potential energy
 This energy is trapped
and stored in the form of
adenosine triphosphate(ATP)

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How Much ATP Do Cells
Use?
 It is estimated
that each cell
will generate
and consume
approximately
10,000,000
molecules of
ATP per second
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Coupled Reaction -
ATP
 The exergonic
hydrolysis of ATP
is coupled with
the endergonic
dehydration H2O
process by
transferring a
phosphate group
to another
molecule. H2 O
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 Hydrolysis of
ATP
ATP + HO  ADP
2 + P
(exergonic)

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

+ Hydrolysis
P P P
(add
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)
water) 21
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Hyrolysis is
Exergonic

Energy
Used
by
Cells

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Dehydration of
ATP
ADP + P  ATP + H2O
(endergonic)
Dehydration

(Remove
+ H2O
P P P
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

P P P

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Dehydration is
Endergonic
Energy
is
restored
in
Chemical
Bonds

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Review

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 How many high energy
phosphate bonds does ATP
havha
vee??

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Which is true of
photosyntheis?
Anabolic or Catabolic

Exergonic Or Endergonic

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 The breakdown of ATP
is due
to:
Dehydration Hydrolysis
or

H2O added or H2O removed

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 Which Reactions are
Coupled in
often
Organisms
Hydrolysis Dehydration
BOoT

rH
Anabolism Catabolism
BOTo

Hr
Endergonic or Exergonic
BOTH

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Ready for the test?
If not, review and
try again!!!

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