Professional Documents
Culture Documents
(Bioenergetika)
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ENERGY CYCLE
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What is Bioenergetics?
The study of energy
in living systems
(environments) and
the organisms
(plants and animals)
that utilize them to
produce milk, work,
meat, growth,
reproduction
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Energy
Required by
all organisms
May be
Kinetic or
Potential
energy
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Kinetic Energy
Energy of
Motion
Heat and
light energy
are
examples
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Potential Energy
Energy of
position
Includes
energy
stored in
chemical
bonds
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Two Types of
Energy Reactions
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Endergonic Reactions
Chemical reaction that
requires a net input of
energy.
energy
Photosynthesis SUN
Light
Energy
photons
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Metabolic Reactions
of Cells
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What is Metabolism?
The sum total
of the
chemical
activities of
all cells.
cells
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Two Types of Metabolism
Anabolic
Pathways
Catabolic
Pathways
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Anabolic Pathway
Metabolic reactions, which
consume energy (endergonic), to
build complicated molecules from
simpler compounds. light
Photosynthesis SUN energy
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Cellular Energy -
ATP
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ATP
Components:
1. adenine: nitrogenous base
2. ribose: five carbon sugar
3.phosphate group: chain of 3
P P P
ribose
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Adenosine Triphosphate
Three
phosphate
groups-(two
with high
energy bonds
Last phosphate
group (PO4)
contains the
MOST energy
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Breaking the Bonds of ATP
Process is called
phosphorylation
Occurs continually
in cells
Enzyme ATP-ase
can weaken & break
last PO4 bond
releasing energy &
free PO4
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How does ATP work ?
Organisms use enzymes to
break down energy-rich
glucose to release its
potential energy
This energy is trapped and
stored in the form of
adenosine triphosphate(ATP)
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How Much ATP Do Cells Use?
It is estimated
that each cell
will generate
and consume
approximately
10,000,000
molecules of
ATP per second
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Coupled Reaction - ATP
The exergonic
hydrolysis of ATP
is coupled with the
endergonic
dehydration H2O
process by
transferring a
phosphate group to
another molecule.
H2O
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Hydrolysis of ATP
ATP + H2O ADP + P (exergonic)
P P P
Hydrolysis
(add water)
P P + P
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)
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Hydrolysis is Exergonic
Energy
Used
by
Cells
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Dehydration of ATP
ADP + P ATP + H2O (endergonic)
Dehydration
(Remove H2O
P P + P
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)
P P P
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Dehydration is Endergonic
Energy
is
restored
in
Chemical
Bonds
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Which is true of photosyntheis?
Anabolic or Catabolic
Exergonic Or Endergonic
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The breakdown of ATP is
due to:
Dehydration or Hydrolysis
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METABOLISME ENERGI (SIKLUS
KREBS)
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PERAN AIR
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2. Pengatur suhu tubuh
Air menghasilkan panas, menyerap dan menghantarkan
panas ke seluruh tubuh sehingga dapat menjaga suhu
tubuh tetap stabil. Melalui produksi keringat yang
sebagaian besar terdiri atas air dan garam,
air turut mendinginkan suhu tubuh.
3. Pelarut
Air melarutkan zat-zat gizi lainnya dan membantu proses
pencernaan makanan. Karena air merupakan zat anorganik,
air tidak dicerna. Air dengan cepat melewati usus halus
dan sebagian besar diserap kemudian turut berfungsi
sebagai salah satu komponen mukus agar sisa zat makanan
dapat keluar sebagai feses.
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4. Pelumas dan bantalan
Air juga berfungsi sebagai pelumas atau lubrikan dalam bentuk
cairan sendi, yang memungkinkan sendi untuk bergerak dengan baik
dan meredam gesekan antar sendi. Air juga berfungsi sebagai
bantalan tahan getar (shock absorbing fluid cushion) pada jaringan
tubuh, misalnya pada otak, mata, medula spinalis, dan kantong
amniom dalam rahim.
5. Media transportasi
Karena sturkturnya yang terdiri atas dua atom hidrogen dan satu
atom oksigen, air mudah bergerak dari satu kompartemen sel ke
komparatemen sel lainnya, dari satu sistem tubuh ke sistem
lainnya.
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Air merupakan media transportasi yang efektif.
Dalam sistem pernapasan, air membantu transportasi
oksgien ke seluruh tubuh.
6. Detoksifikasi
Tubuh menghasilkan berbagai sisa metabolisme yang
tidak diperlukan termasuk toksin. Berbagai sisa
metabolisme itu dikeluarkan melalui saluran kemih,
saluran cerna, saluran nafas, dan kulit, yang
memerlukan media, yaitu air.
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Nama : moh. Fahmi Azis
Nama (kls. L) : Asyahrianto
(1/2 bonus)
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