Thermal Load Analysis and HVAC

System Design for Oklahoma Air

National Guard Building

BY:
IAN BLANSKI
RENDRA HEODINATA
MATTHEW HULSEY
CHRIS SANCHEZ
Background
 Major Constraints

Occupancy
LEED Standards
Radio Maintenance Work Center Needs local
Exhaust
Maintenance Bay is Heating and Ventilating Only
Gantt Chart
Zones
 Constants

Oklahoma City, Oklahoma

 Latitude:35.42˚
 Longitude: 97.38 ˚
 Standard Meridian:90 ˚
 Elevation: 1293 ft
 Heating 99%: 17 ˚F
 Cooling 1%: 96 ˚F
 Range: 19.4 ˚F
 Thermal Resistance of Walls

Wall
 5/8” Gypsum Board
 R‐19 Batt Insulation w/ 6” metal studs @ 16” o.c.
 ½” Gypsum Sheathing
 Air Space
 4” Face Brick or 4” CMU Veneer (~125 lb/ft3)
 UfAt=UbAb+UfAf 
Thermal Resistances of Walls

Wall Resistance Type R (hr-ft^2-F/BTU) Wall Resistance Type R (hr-ft^2-F/BTU)

Outisde Air 0.17 Outisde Air 0.17
WS 11 0 WS 11 0
WS 24 0.44 WS 24 0.44
WS 25 0 WS 25 0
WS 9 0.56 WS 9 0.56
WS 12 0.019 WS 12 0.019
WS 13 19 Metal Stud 0.0370
WS 16 0.56 WS 16 0.56
WS 20 1.12 WS 20 1.12
Inside Air 0.68 Inside Air 0.68
Total 22.6 Total 3.6

U Fibers 0.044 U Metals 0.279

Area Fraction 0.875 Area Fraction 0.125
U Total 0.0736
 Heating Load

Transmission
 Sum the Heat Transfer Rates
 Walls, Windows, Floor, Roof, Doors
 Primary Governing Equation
 qdot=UA(ΔT)
Infiltration
 Crack Method
 Assumed Tight Fittings
 qdot=mdot*Cp*(ts-tr)=(Vdot*cp*(ts-tr))/vs
 Example Heating Load Zone 1

Transmission Load

Infiltration Load
 Cooling Load

Solar Radiation
 Worst Case Summer Solstice, July 21
 Solar Angles
Solar Heat Gain
 Assumed no offset and no Internal Shading on windows
Outdoor Temperature
 To=Td-DR(x)
Sol-Air Temp
 Te=To+αGt/ho-εδR/ho
 Cooling Load

Conduction Heat Gains

 Periodic Response Factors
Internal Heat Gains
 People
 Lights
 Equipment
Radiant Times Series Method
 Conduction Heat Gains
 Periodic Response Factors
 Radiative and Convective Fractions
 Table 8-20
 Cooling

Cooling Loads
30000.0
Cooling Loads [Btu/hr]

25000.0

20000.0
Wall
Lights
15000.0 People
Equipment
Total
10000.0 Infultration

5000.0

0.0
1 6 11 16 21

Time (hr)
 Air Flow Rates and Supply Temperature (Heating)

 Find Sensible Heat Factor

 SHF=SensibleHeat/TotalHeat
Using an Indoor Design Temperature of 72 F a
Condition Line was Formed
Amount of Recirculation in the Room
 Recirculation: Assumed 20 degrees
Flow Rate
Flow Rate (cfm) Each Zone
 Air Flow Rates and Supply Temperature (Cooling)

VAV Unit
 One for Whole Building
 Dampers for Each Zone
Exhaust Fans
 5 fans One for each Plenum
Exhaust Hoods
 3 fans: Radio Control and Latrines
Air Handler Units
 5 Air handler consists of fans and dampers
 Diffusers

Selection Criteria
 Flow Rate
 Throw (ADPI Standard)
 Minimize Stagnation Zones
 Noise Criteria
 Ensure That the System is not Disruptive to Occupants
Majority of Diffusers Selected were Circular
 Broad Range of Capabilities
 Some room has Linear diffuser (Gym and Simulation Room)
Sample Diffuser Distribution Zone 11
 Air Distribution System

 Equal Friction Method

 The Pressures in Each Branch Need to be Equivalent
 Selection of Longest Run
 Size The Duct
 Using the Design Flow Rate, , and Figure 12-21

 Size Duct and Find ΔP For Remaining Sections

 Ensure That the Branches Pressure Differential is Equivalent
 Iterate
 Assumed Plenum Pressure of .5 in Wg
Air Distribution System

15 13

7 18 16 6
12

1 2 3 17

8 9 10 11
Air Distribution System
Air Distribution System
Air Distribution System
Air Distribution System
 Fans

Criteria
 Required Flow
 Total System Pressure at Design Point
 Fan Efficiency
Main Unit Required 4 Fans in Parallel
 Allows for Same Pressure and Higher Flow Rate
 Size Concern
Assumed a Fan for each Plenum and Recirculation
Lines
Fans
 Air Quality

 Filters
 Position A High Performance
 M15 Filter
 Pressure Differential .16-.24 in Wg
 5 Filters Total
Energy Consumption
Energy Consumption
Questions?