POTENTIAL EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS

AND THEIR EFFECTS

 EARTHQUAKE
- Is a feeble shaking to violent
trembling of the ground produced by
the sudden displacement of rocks or
rock materials below the earth’s
surface.
 EARTHQUAKE
- Tectonic
- Volcanic
FAULT

- It refers to a fracture, fissure, or a

zone of weakness where movement
or displacement has occurred or
may occur again.
- Disruptive up-down and sideways
movement or motion experienced during
an earthquake.
MAGNITUDE
- Refers to the amount of energy
released, measured by the amount
of ground displacement or shaking.
INTENSITY
- It is the strength of an earthquake
as perceived and felt by people in a
certain locality.
Ground rupture
- Displacement on the ground due
to movement of fault.
- It is a process that transforms the behavior
of a body of sediments from that of a solid
to that of a liquid when subjected to
extremely intense shaking.
 EARTHQUAKE-INDUCED GROUND
SUBSIDENCE AND LATERAL SPREADING
- Failures in steep or hilly
slopes triggered by an
earthquake.
Loose thin soil Many landslides
covering on the
slopes of steep occur as a result
mountains are of ground
prone to mass shaking.
movement.
Tsunami

- Sea waves resulting from the

disturbance of ocean floor by an
earthquake.
Tsunami Signs
Tsunami
- Series of giant sea waves commonly
generated by under-the-sea earthquakes
and whose heights could be greater than 5.
- The increase in wave heights
associated or during typhoons or
tropical cyclones.
Three natural signs of Tsunami

• A strong felt earthquake;

• Unusual sea level change; and
• Unusual rumbling sound of
approaching waves
PRECAUTIONARY MEASURES
FOR EARTHQUAKES
How can you help your family
to prepare before, during
and after an earthquake?
What to do BEFORE an earthquake:
1.The key to effective disaster prevention is planning.
a.Know the earthquake hazards in your area;
b.Follow structural design and engineering practices
when constructing a house or a building; and
c.Evaluate structural soundness of the buildings and
houses; strengthen or retrofit if necessary.
What to do BEFORE an earthquake:
2. Prepare your homes, workplace or schools.
a.Strap or bolt heavy furniture, cabinets to the walls;
b.Check the stability of hanging objects like ceiling fans
and chandeliers; and
c.Breakable items, harmful chemicals and flammable
materials should be stored properly in the lowermost
secured shelves.
What to do BEFORE an earthquake:
3. Know where fire extinguishers, first aid kits, alarms and
communication facilities are located. Learn how to use them
beforehand.
a. Prepare a handy emergency supply kit with the first aid kit,
canned food and can opener, water, clothing, blanket, battery-
operated radio, flashlights and extra batteries.
What to do BEFORE an earthquake:

4. Familiarize yourself with exit routes.

5. Conduct and participate in regular
earthquakes drills.
NATIONAL SAFETY DRILL
“Safe Ka Ba?”
National Disaster Preparedness Program
 Introduction
ItIt is
is important
important toto
orient
orient people
people onon
earthquake
earthquake
preparedness
preparedness in in order
order to
to
be
be informed
informed of of what
what to
to
do
do before,
before, during
during and
and
after
after an an earthquake.
earthquake.
During
During an an earthquake,
earthquake,
school
school children/students
children/students
are
are oneone of of the
the most
most
vulnerable.
vulnerable.
a.Be alert
b.Listen to teacher’s instruction
c. Walk out of the classroom in an
orderly manner
d.While walking along the corridors
to the nearest exit of the
building, be alert and look out for
the falling debris.
e.
e. DON’T…Run,
DON’T…Run, DON’T
DON’T Push
Push
Don’t
Don’t talk,
talk, DON’T
DON’T return,
return, and
and
DON’T
DON’T bring
bring your
your things.
things.
f.f. Quietly
Quietly but
but quickly
quickly proceed
proceed to
to
the
the designated
designated evacuation
evacuation
area
area forfor the
the class
class and
and wait
wait for
for
further
further instructions
instructions from
from the
the
teacher.
teacher.
g.
g. NEVER
NEVER gogo back
back to
to the
the building
building once
once
you
you are
are outside.
outside. Engineers
Engineers should
should
inspect
inspect buildings
buildings for
for possible
possible damages
damages
after
after an
an earthquake.
earthquake.
What to do DURING an earthquake:
1. When you are INSIDE a structurally sound building or
home, STAY there! “Drop, Cover and Hold on.”
a. If possible, quickly open the door for exit;
b. Drop under a sturdy desk or table, and hold on to it, or
protect your head with your arms.
c. Stay away from glass windows, shelves and other
heavy objects; and
d. Beware of falling objects. Be alert and keep your eyes
open.
What to do DURING an earthquake:
2. If you’re OUTSIDE, move to an open area!
a. Stay away from trees, power lines, posts and concrete
structures;
b. Move away from steep slopes which may be affected
by landslides; and
c. If you are near the shore and feel an earthquake, move
quickly to HIGHER grounds.
What to do DURING an earthquake:

3. If you’re in a moving vehicle, STOP and get

out.
What to do AFTER an earthquake:
1. Be prepared for an aftershocks. Once the earthquake
stops, take the fastest and safest way out of the building.
What to do AFTER an earthquake:
2. DON’T...
a. ...use elevators
b. …enter damaged buildings
c. …use telephone unless necessary
d. …PANIC
What to do AFTER an earthquake:
3. CHECK...
a. ...yourself and others for injuries
b. …water and electrical lines for damages
c. …for spills of chemical, toxic and flammable
materials
d. …and control fires which may be spread.
What to do AFTER an earthquake:
4. If you need to evacuate your residence, leave a message
stating where you are going and bring your emergency
supply kit.
What to do AFTER an earthquake:
5. Keep updated on disaster prevention instructions from
battery-operated radios.
“Earthquakes alone don’t
injure or kill people. It is
our practices at home, in
school, in the workplace
or outside that could hurt
or injure us and others.”