Session 46: Inglés 90/90, HOPS ©

Session 46
Inglés 90/90, HOPS ©

Pattern-builder session

Today’s topic:
1. ALREADY vs. YET

Today’s topic:
2. Have you ended/finished…?

Today’s topic:
3. CAN vs. BE ABLE TO…

10-10

Previous Session Review

There is such a time,
when you have to review
your work…

1. The meat, such as it was, was
delicious.
2. Such and such a thing…
3. He says he is your friend, but
he’s not such.
4. This is such a remarkable time!
5. Such people are not welcome.
ALREADY vs. YET

already = ya
(before the time expected)

-Did you finish already?
How did you finish so soon?
-Are you here already?

It’s still very early!

-Is it bed time already?
That’s not possible!
The sun is still out.
-Have you finished already?

I can’t believe it! You are fast!
-Are you two ready already?
‘cause we have to go now.
-Have you already been here?

For I haven’t.

I would like to be home already.
I’m pretty tired.
I was going to get you a soda, but

you already had one.

You can place the word
ALREADY before the
main verb, or at the end
of the sentence to add
emphasis…
Did you finish already?
More emphatic than…
Did you already finish?

Are you here already?
Are you already here?

Have you been here already?
Have you already been here?

yet = ya (negativo)
(communicates a negative idea:

Something that is expected
hasn’t happened)

-Did you finish already?
How did you finish so soon?
-Did you finish yet?

Why is it taking so long?

-Are you here already?
It’s still very early!
-Are you there yet?

Why aren’t you there?
You should be there already.
-Is it bed time already?
That’s not possible!
The sun is still out!
-Is it bed time yet?

I’m tired.
I want to go to bed.
-Have you finished already?
I can’t believe it! You are fast!
-Have you finished yet?

Why are you taking so long?

Remember:
Both ALREADY and YET

could mean “ya”, but…
ALREADY communicates
something good, while
YET transmits something
negative…
Are they home already?
Sooner than expected.
Are they home yet?

They aren’ there and it’s later
than expected.
10-20

Be careful:
YET has two meanings…
…ya
and… ...aún, todavía
Are they home yet?
What are you asking…?
¿Están ellos en casa ya?

or
¿Están en casa todavía?
To make things clearer,
we can change our
question, like this…

Aren’t they home yet?
¿No están en la casa ya?
¿No están en la casa aún?
¿No están en la casa todavía?
Are they still home?

¿Todavía están en la casa?
Summing up:
Use ALREADY in positive sentences

and positive questions.
Use YET to communicate something

negative and in negative questions.
-Did you end you work?
-Yes, I already ended it.
-Yes, I ended it already.
-No, I haven’t ended it yet.
-No, I still haven’t ended it.

-Did you finish your work?
-Yes, I already finished.
-Yes, I finished already.
-No, I haven’t finished yet.
-No, I still haven’t finished.

Complete using
ALREADY, YET or
STILL
(One minute)

1. I’ve _____ seen that movie.
2. Haven’t you seen it ___? Why not?
3. Are you ____ looking outdoors? You’ve been there
for hours!
4. Don’t open your gift ____.
5. Haven’t you done the laundry ___?
6. Why are you ____ in bed? Get up!
7. I cut the meat _____.
8. I’ve ____ put some lemon on it.
9. But I ___ haven’t made the lemonade.
10. Aren’t you going to help me ____?
Are you ready already?

1. I’ve already seen that movie.
2. Haven’t you seen it yet? Why not?
3. Are you still looking outdoors? You’ve been there
for hours!
4. Don’t open your gift yet.
5. Haven’t you done the laundry yet?
6. Why are you still in bed? Get up!
7. I cut the meat already.
8. I’ve already put some lemon on it.
9. But I still haven’t made the lemonade.
10. Aren’t you going to help me yet?
Have you…?

-Have you ended your work?
-No. Even though I’ve been working hard,

I haven’t finished it.

-No. Although I’ve been working hard, I

haven’t been able to finish it.

-No. I’ve been working hard, though.

Even though = Aún cuando…
Although = Aunque…
…though. = aunque (at the end)

-Have you finished the dishes?
-No. Even though I began almost an hour ago.

-No. Although I began more than an hour ago.

-No. I began long ago, though.

begin – began –begun
comenzar comencé comenzado

10-30

Translate using
BEGIN/BEGAN/BEGUN
(Two minutes)

1. He comenzado a ver las cosas de
diferente manera.
2. ¿Cuándo comenzaste a observar aves?
3. Ella comenzó la universidad hace dos
años.
4. Aunque comenzamos temprano, no
hemos acabado todavía.
5. ¿No has empezado? Pero ¿por qué?
Let’s begin…

1. I have begun to see things in a
different way.
2. When did you begin to watch birds?
3. She began university two years ago.
4. Even though we began early, we
haven’t finished yet.
5. Haven’t you begun yet? But why?

start – started – started
empezar empecé empezado

It started to rain an hour ago.
It started when I was on the

street.
It had already started to rain

when I was on the street.
It has started to rain.
Ha comenzado a llover.
It had started to rain.

Había comenzado a llover.
take – took – taken
tomar tomé tomado
llevar llevé llevado

I take my own food to the office.
Today, I’m taking meat and

potatoes.
I was going to take soup also, but

it was too late already.
I’ve been taking guitar lessons for a
year [now].
I have taken them at the university

and also with a private instructor.
Have you taken private lessons, too?

10-40

TAKEN
tomado
llevado
ocupado (un lugar)
comprometido (persona/lugar)
Translate using TAKE,
TOOK or TAKEN
(One minute and a half)

1. Disculpe, ¿está ocupada esta
silla?
2. Lo siento, pero estoy
comprometida.
3. Llevaron al perro a caminar.
4. ¿A dónde llevas eso?
5. ¿No te has tomado tu limonada?
Let’s take some time to
check a possible
translation…

1. Excuse me, is this chair
taken?
2. I’m sorry, but I’m taken.
3. They took the dog to walk.
4. Where are you taking that?
5. Haven’t you taken your
lemonade?
Mini-conversation:
Is this taken?

-Excuse me, is this seat taken or open?
-I really don’t know. There was a woman sitting
there a while ago, but now I don’t see her in the
room.
-I suppose it is open then.
-I guess so.
-Will you be here long? I must take this form to
that gentleman there, and I don’t want anybody to
take my seat.
-Certainly. I will keep an eye on it.
-Thanks. You are very kind. I won’t take long.
Translate the previous
conversation into
Spanish. Make it sound
natural.
(Two minutes)

10-50

Take your time to
compare…

-Disculpe. ¿Está ocupado este asiento o está
libre?
-En realidad no sé. Había una señora sentada
ahí hace un rato pero no la veo en la
habitación.
-Bueno, entonces supongo que está desocupado.
-Eso creo.
-¿Va a estar aquí mucho tiempo? Tengo que
llevar esta forma al señor de allá, y no quiero
que nadie me gane el asiento.
-Claro. Yo le echo un ojo.
-Gracias. Muy amable. No tardo.
CAN & BE ABLE TO

Special Verbs Review

WILL / WOULD
CAN / COULD
SHALL / SHOULD
MAY / MIGHT
MUST
They are special because…
1. They are the same for

every person…
I can / She can / They can

2. They do not need help for

negatives or questions…
Could I…? / She couldn’t

3. They do not have TO with

them…
He will go / We shall come

The point is…
…they can’t come

together in a sentence
I will can… = Yo podré…

I will be able to…
Yo seré capaz de…
o
Yo podré…

A/I
1/5
I am able to run very fast.
I was able to run fast when I

was young.
I will be able to run fast if I

keep doing exercise
A/I
2/5
We prefer ABLE TO
when we want to
emphasize something we
can do…
A/I
3/5
I can run fast.
I am able to run 100

meters in 10 seconds.
A/I
4/5
He can cook really well.
He is able to cook for

one or for many.
A/I
5/5
The children can take a

soda… if they are able to
find one.

Use a special verb to
translate every sentence
(Two minutes)

1. ¿Adivina qué? Tú puedes ser el próximo gerente.
(MAY)
2. No estoy seguro, pero supongo que pudiera haber
niebla mañana. (MIGHT)
3. ¿Podrías tomarme una foto? (COULD)
4. ¿Le gustaría comenzar? (WOULD)
5. Creo que deberías llamar a tu mamá. (SHOULD)
6. Me parece que debes poner eso de regreso donde
estaba. (SHALL)
7. ¿No puedes venir a jugar? (CAN)
8. Si estoy en lo correcto, él no terminará a tiempo.
(WILL)
Shall we see?

1. Guess what? You may be the next
manager.
2. I’m not sure, but I suppose it might be

foggy tomorrow.
3. Could you take me a picture?
4. Would you like to start?

5. I think you should call your mom.
6. I think you shall put that back

where it was.
7. Can’t you come to play?
8. If I am right, he won’t finish on

time.
Summing up today’s
session…

Did you finish already?
So fast!
Haven’t you finished yet?

So slow!
I still haven’t started.
I haven’t started yet.

Even though I’m young, I can do this.
Although I’m young, I can do this.
I’m young but I can do this, though.

begin – began – begun
start – started - started

take – took – taken
tomar tomé tomado
llevar llevé llevado

Is this place taken?
Is this chair taken?
Is this seat open or taken?

Sorry, I can’t go out
with you. I’m taken, you
see.
Thanks for asking me
out, though.
keep – kept – kept
mantener mantuve mantenido
continuar continué continuado

Keep working!
Keep doing it!
Keep walking!

SER CAPAZ DE…
I am able to…
You are able to…
He is able to…
She is able to…
It is able to…
We are able to…
They are able to…
I can make it!
I am able to make it with my

eyes closed!
I will be able to make it!

Please, do check your
vocabulary.

Shall we go?

Session 46: Inglés 90/90, HOPS ©

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Session 46

Inglés 90/90, HOPS ©

Inglés 90/90, HOPS ©

1. ALREADY vs. YET

Inglés 90/90, HOPS ©

2. Have you ended/finished…?

Inglés 90/90, HOPS ©

3. CAN vs. BE ABLE TO…

Inglés 90/90, HOPS ©

Inglés 90/90, HOPS ©

Inglés 90/90, HOPS ©

Inglés 90/90, HOPS ©

Inglés 90/90, HOPS ©

Inglés 90/90, HOPS ©

-Are you here already?

Inglés 90/90, HOPS ©

-Have you finished already?

-Have you already been here?

Inglés 90/90, HOPS ©

I was going to get you a soda, but

Inglés 90/90, HOPS ©

Did you already finish?

Are you already here?

More emphatic than…

Have you already been here?

Inglés 90/90, HOPS ©

(communicates a negative idea:

Inglés 90/90, HOPS ©

-Did you finish yet?

Inglés 90/90, HOPS ©

-Are you there yet?

-Is it bed time yet?

-Have you finished yet?

Inglés 90/90, HOPS ©

Both ALREADY and YET

Are they home yet?

Inglés 90/90, HOPS ©

What are you asking…?

¿Están ellos en casa ya?

Inglés 90/90, HOPS ©

Are they still home?

Use ALREADY in positive sentences

Use YET to communicate something

Inglés 90/90, HOPS ©

Inglés 90/90, HOPS ©

Inglés 90/90, HOPS ©

Inglés 90/90, HOPS ©

Inglés 90/90, HOPS ©

-No. Even though I’ve been working hard,

Inglés 90/90, HOPS ©

-No. Although I’ve been working hard, I

Inglés 90/90, HOPS ©

-No. I’ve been working hard, though.

Inglés 90/90, HOPS ©

Inglés 90/90, HOPS ©

Inglés 90/90, HOPS ©

Inglés 90/90, HOPS ©

Inglés 90/90, HOPS ©

Inglés 90/90, HOPS ©

Inglés 90/90, HOPS ©

Inglés 90/90, HOPS ©

Inglés 90/90, HOPS ©

Inglés 90/90, HOPS ©