VOLCANO HAZARDS

WHAT IS VOLCANOLOGY?
• Is the study of volcanoes. The role
of volcanology is to gain an
understanding of how volcanoes
work, to further scientific
knowledge, and to provide eruption
hazard assessment, monitoring,
and crisis management.

• Volganist - study of volcanic

formation activities – plays
important role in the field by
observing and conducting studies
to predict geological hazards
 How do volcanoes form?
Basically, volcanoes are formed as a result of
subduction. This is a process where two tectonic
plates converge one another, with one
descending below the edge of the other, causing
molten rock to rise to the surface.
  
    Deep inside Earth, between the molten iron
core and the thin crust at the surface, there is a
solid body of rock called the mantle. When rock
from the mantle melts, moves to the surface
through the crust, and releases pent-up gases,
volcanoes erupt.    Extremely high temperature
and pressure cause the rock to melt and
become liquid rock or magma. When a large
body of magma has formed, it rises through the
denser rock layers toward Earth's surface. 
Magma that has reached the surface is
called lava.
 Different Types of Volcanoes
CINDER CONES
- simplest type of volcanoes
- they are formed from lava
particles emitted in a vent.
- most cinder cones have one
crater and rarely rise more than a
thousand feet.
Example of Cinder Cones in
Philippines:
• Smith Volcano
• Taal Volcano
• Mount Mayabobo
• Musuan Volcano
 Different Types of Volcanoes
SHIELD CONES
- These volcanoes are created
because of continuous lava
flows coming from the vents. As
these lava flows cool down, they
produce a warrior’s shield like
sloping flat cone.
- Some of the largest volcano in
the world are shield volcanoes
like Mauna Loa in Hawaii
 Different Types of Volcanoes
COMPOSITE VOLCANOES
- Also known as “stratovolcanoes”
this type of volcanoes are ten
steep-sided and the cones are
closely symmetrical.
Example:
1.Mount Pinatubo
2.Mayon Volcano or Mount
Mayon
3. Kanlaon
4. Mount Hibok-Hibok
5. Mount Apo
Classification of Volcanoes
• Active volcano – an active volcano has at least one
eruption within the last 10 000 years.

ERUPTING VOLCANO
- Distinguished as either explosive
or quite. An explosive eruption
happen because of a formation of
gases under various flow magma.
This kind of eruption is often
violent and rapid. Meanwhile, a
quiet eruption is classified only
when it emits of viscous lava
where gases can easily escape
DORMANT VOLCANO
- A volcano is dormant if it has not
erupted within 10 000 years. It is
not certain when this kind of
volcano will erupt, but is expected
to occur in the future.
Classification of Volcanoes
• Extinct Volcano (inactive)
- This kind of volcano has not had an eruption within
historic times and is not expected to erupt again in a
comparable time scale of the future

-
- Mt. Balungao
Volcanic Hazards

Pyroclastic flow and surges

Volcanic Hazards

Gas emissions
Volcanic Hazards

Ashfall
Volcanic Hazards

LAHAR
Volcanic Hazards

Debris avalanche