URINARY SYSTEM

Dr. N. Pratheepa Suresh MD

Professor
Consists of …
• Kidneys
• Ureters
• Urinary bladder
• Urethra
kidney
• 2 kidneys
• Adherent to the posterior
abdominal wall so they are
called as retroperitoneal organs
• They help in the formation of
urine.
• So that the toxic substances are
removed from the body.
Position
• Each kidney extends from
hypochondrium to lumbar
Right
region of the left and right side kidney
of the body.
• Liver pushes the right kidney
downwards so the right kidney is
little lower than the left kidney.
• Structures in the hilum:
• Renal pelvis, renal artery, renal
vein.
 Components of kidney
• Outer cortex
• Inner medulla
• The unit structure of the kidney is
NEPHRON
• Parts of Nephron are:
• bowman’s capsule
• proximal convoluted tubule
• loop of Henle
• Distal convoluted tubule
• Collecting duct
 Glomeruli :
• Glomerular tuft :
• It is a network of capillaries that
invaginate the bowman’s capsule,
• It receives its blood supply from
afferent arteriole of renal
circulation
• Function : Filtration and forms
urine
• The blood from glomerulus drains
into efferent arteriole.
Blood supply

• Arterial supply:
• Left and right renal arteries
• END ARTERY
• Venous drainage :
• Left and right renal veins
 Applied anatomy
• Hydronephrosis:
• Distension and dilatation of renal
pelvis
• Polycystic kidneys:
• Fluid filled cysts
• Renal stones:
• Stones of the kidney
• They cause pain in the groin
 Ureter
• Urine formed by each kidney is
drained by ureter .
• 2 ureters
• They open separately in urinary
bladder
• Position :
• Small tube
• 30 cm in length 3 mm diameter
• Retroperitoneal structure.
 Parts
• Abdominal part :
• 15 cm ,Part of ureter in the
abdominal cavity
• Pelvic part :
• 15cm,Part of ureter in pelvic cavity
• Pelvic part opens at the ureteric
orifice of the urinary bladder.
• Constrictions:
• Pelviureteric junction
• Where it crosses the pelvic brim
• Ureterovesical junction.
Ureteric stones
• Causes ureteric colic
• Pain radiates from loin to groin
Urinary bladder
• Inverted pyramidal shape
muscular bag.
• Lies in the anterior part of pelvic
cavity
• Capacity : 300 – 500 ml
• Interior :
• Trigone of bladder
• 2 ureteric orifices
• 1 urethral orifice
Applied anatomy
• Cystoscopy
• Vesicle calculus
Urethra – male – 20cm
female – 4 cm
Parts of male urethra
• Prostatic part :
• Pat inside the prostate
• Membranous part:
• Part inside the urogenital
diaphragm
• Penile part:
• Part present in the body of penis
Female urethra