Urinary system

Lecture - 6
 Objectives:

By the end of this lecture the students will be able to:

• Identify and describe the structure of the urinary system.
• Identify the arterial supply and venous drainage of urinary system.
 THE URINARY SYSTEM
M
The urinary system is one of the
g excretory systems of the body;
the organs forming this system
are:
1-Two kidneys that excrete urine.
2-Two ureters carrying the urine
from kidneys to urinary bladder.
3-The urinary bladder collecting
the urine.
4-The urethra that passes urine to
outside.
 Urinary System Organs

• Urinary bladder – provides a temporary

storage reservoir for urine
• Paired ureters – transport urine from the
kidneys to the bladder
• Urethra – transports urine from the bladder
out of the body
 Kidney Location
• The kidneys are reddish brown and lie behind thereperitoneum high
up on Superior lumbar region of the posterior abdominal wall on
either side of the vertebral column.
mtg I
• Extend from T12 to L3 vertebra
• Right kidney is slightly lower by about1-2
 
cm than left kidney due
to presence of liver.  
• Lateral surface is convex
• Medial surface is concave
• Adrenal glands: lie superior to each kidney
software
Kidney Location
 Anatomical relations
Right kidney Left kidney
• Right adrenal gland • Left adrenal gland
• Right lobe of the liver • Stomach
• Duodenum • Spleen
• Right colic flexur • Body of pancreas
• Small intestine • Left colic flexur
• Descending colon
• jejunum
 014 2 3 e
g Hilum Of The Kidney
● Lies on the medial border of kideny.
● It gives passage for the following structures
from anterior to posterior:
● Renal vein (anterior) son
● Renal artery (intermediate)
● The pelvis of the ureter 9
leaves the hilum, posterior 2
to the renal vessels.

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 Structure Of The Kidney
1
1. Cortex: outer layer, light
reddish brown, contains about
1 million nephrons
• Columns of cortex divide medulla
into “pyramids
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2. Medulla: darker consists of:
• Conical-shaped renal pyramids
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3. Collecting parts:
• Renal papillae
• Minor calyces
• Major calyces
• Renal pelvis
 Urine collection
Ducts within each renal
papilla release urine
into minor calyx

major calyx

renal pelvis

ureter
 The Nephron
Nephrons are the structural
and functional units that
form urine, consisting of:
– Glomerulus – a tuft of y
capillaries associated with a
renal tubule
– Glomerular (Bowman’s)
capsule – blind, cup-shaped
end of a renal tubule that
completely surrounds the
glomerulus
 Layers of Tissue Supporting the Kidney

• Renal capsule – fibrous capsule that

prevents kidney infection
• Adipose capsule – fatty mass that cushions
the kidney and helps attach
ÉJ it to the body
wall
• Renal fascia – outer layer of dense fibrous
connective tissue that anchors the kidney
 Blood supply

• The kidneys take their

blood supply directly from
the aorta via the renal
arteries; blood is returned
to the inferior vena cava
via the renal veins.
The ureter
 I

The ureter
• Is a muscular tubes about 25 cm long leaving each renal pelvis
• Which convey urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder
as
• Descend retroperitoneal and cross pelvic brim
• Run medially within posterior bladder wall before opening into interior
• This oblique entry helps prevent backflow of urine
• The ureter has narrows To

I
• At its starting point at the junction with the renal pelvis so renal calculi (stones)
can get stuck there.
• At pelvic brim
• At entering the bladder at the trigone in an angle; so prevent backflow of
urine up the ureter. act as sphincter
 The ureter
• ureters originate at the renal pelvis

• extend inferiorly to enter the posterolateral wall of the

base of the urinary bladder.

• wall is composed of three concentric tunics.

• mucosa
• muscularis
• adventitia.
The urinary Bladder
 The Urinary bladder

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• The urinary bladder is the bag that collects

the urine and store it until the time of
passing it out (micturition).
 urinary bladder
• expandable, muscular container
• serves as a reservoir for urine
•Position:
superior and posterior to the pubic symphysis.
•in females
• a
the urinary bladder is in contact with the uterus
posterosuperiorly and with the vagina posteroinferiorly.
 in Males
• The posterior surface of the bladder is related to the
rectovesical pouch
• Lower part is related to the seminal vesicle and vas
deferens
• Inferiorly it related to the prostate gland
• when empty exhibits an upside-down pyramidal shape.
G is at A

Rectovesical pouch
 The Urinary bladder
How does urine pass? (micturition)
• The urethral sphincter at the base of the bladder relaxes,
the detrusor contracts, and urine is voided via the urethra.
 The Urethra
• Fibromuscular tube
• exits the urinary bladder through the urethral opening
• at anteroinferior surface
• conducts urine to the exterior of the body.
• Two urethral sphincters:
• Internal urethral sphincter involuntary

• restrict the release of urine until the pressure within the urinary
bladder is high enough
• External urethral sphincter
• and voluntary activities needed to release the urine are
activated.
 Male Urethra
• Urinay and reproductive functions:
• passageway for both urine and semen
• Approximately 18 to 20 centimeters long.
• Partitioned into three segments:
• prostatic urethra is approximately 3 to 4 centimeters long and is the most
dilatable portion of the urethra
• extends through the prostate gland, immediately inferior to the male bladder,
where multiple small prostatic ducts enter it
• membranous urethra is the shortest and least dilatable portion
• extends from the inferior surface of the prostate gland through the urogenital
diaphragm
• dspongy urethra is the longest part (15 centimeters)
• encased within a cylinder of erectile tissue in the penis called the corpus
spongiosum
• extends to the external urethral orifice
The Urethra
 Shortest

bluedivragon

Longest