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Wireless Communication
Prakshep Mehta (03307909)
Guided By:
Prof. R.K. Shevgaonkar
Outline
Introduction...Why MIMO??
What is MIMO ??
From SISO to MIMO
The ”pipe” interpretation
To exploit the MIMO channel
Foschini, Bell Labs 1996
BLAST
Tarokh, Seshadri & Calderbank
Space Time Coding 1998
Special Cases
Still to Conquer
What is MIMO ??
Initial Assumptions
H11
H21
PT *
C log 2 det I 2 HH
σ nt
= log2[1+(PT2)·|H|2] [bit/(Hz·s)]
H = [ H11 H21]
Capacity increases logarithmically
with number of receive antennas...
Multiple Input Multiple Output systems
H H12
H 11
H11 H 21 H 22
H21
H12
H22
Where the i are the
C = log2det[I +(PT2 )·HH†]= eigenvalues to HH†
P P
log 2 1 T 2 1 log 2 1 T 2 2
2 2
Interpretation:
Transmitter Receiver
m=min(nr, nt) parallel channels,
equal power allocated to each ”pipe”
MIMO capacity in general
H unknown at TX H known at TX
P m
p
C log 2 det I 2T HH * C log 2 1 i 2 i
nt i 1
m
P
log 2 1 2T i Where the power distribution over
nt
”pipes” are given by a water filling
i 1
solution
m min(nr , nt )
m m
1
PT pi
i 1 i 1 i
p1
p2
p3
p4
The Channel Eigenvalues
m
P
Cdiversity log 2 1 2T i min(nt , nr ) log 2 (1 PT / 2 nt )
i 1 nt
Transmitter Receiver
To Exploit the MIMO Channel
• nr nt required
• Symbol by symbol detection.
Time Using nulling and symbol
s1 s1 s1 s1 s1 s1 cancellation
Antenna
V-BLAST
s2 s2 s2 s2 s2 s2
s3 s3 s3 s3 s3 s3
• V-BLAST implemented -98 by
Bell Labs (40 bps/Hz)
s0 s1 s2 s0 s1 s2
s0 s1 s2 s0 s1 D-BLAST • If one ”pipe” is bad in BLAST
s0 s1 s2 s0
we get errors ...
Block of T
symbols
Constellation
mapper
Data in
nt transmit
STBC antennas
Time
Assume 1 RX antenna:
MIMO is the
FUTURE