MEMBERS:

RIVERA, KYLE MAHILUM, WYNNIER

REPIA, VRIANE MORIONES, SHAINA
PUSE, EUGENE LACANLALE, RON
NIEDO, DAVE LIBOT, ALIBEL
NAVARRO, ELEAZAR KELCHO, KENN
 WHAT IS STROKE?

Reciprocation motion, used in engines and other

mechanisms, is back-and-forth motion. Each cycle of
reciprocation consists of two opposite motions : there
is a motion in one direction, and then a motion back
in the opposite direction.
 WHAT IS 2 STROKE & 4 STROKE?

• A two-stroke engine is an internal combustion engine that

completes the process cycle in one revolution of the crankshaft.
Thus, one power stroke is obtained in each revolution in
crankshaft.
• A four stroke engine is an internal combustion engine that
completes the process cycle in two revolution of the crankshaft.
Thus, one power stroke is obtained in each two revolutions of
the crankshaft.
 COMPARISON OF 4 STROKE AND 2
STROKE CYCLE ENGINE
Four Stroke Engine
• Cycle is completed in four strokes of
piston and in two revolution of
crankshaft.
• Heavier flywheel is needed.
• Power produced for same size of
engine is less
• Volumetric efficiency is more due to
more time for induction
Two Stroke Engine
• Cycle is completed in two strokes of
piston and in one revolution of
crankshaft.
• Lighter flywheel can be used.
• Power produced for same size of
engine is twice
• Volumetric efficiency is low due to
lesser time for induction
 COMPARISON OF TWO STROKE
ENGINE AND FOUR STOKE ENGINE

• For the same cylinder capacity, 2 stroke engines are typically more
powerful than 4 stroke versions. The downside is the pollutants in the
exhaust; because oil is mixed with the petrol, every 2 stroke engine
expels burned oil with the exhaust. 2 stroke oils are typically designed to
burn cleaner than their 4 stroke counterparts, but nevertheless, the 2
stroke engine can induce great among of smoke. The other disadvantage
of 2 stroke engines is that the engine is noisy as compared to 4 stroke
engines. Typically the noise is described as "buzzy". 
 TWO-STROKE ENGINE

A two-stroke engine combines two of this strokes by taking advantage of

both sides of the piston [first stroke (Suction and Compression) and
Second stroke (Power and Exhaust stroke). The upper side still
compresses fuel/air and has a power stroke as the fuel burns and expands.
The intake happens below the piston during the compression stroke o top.
The exhaust and transfer of intake fuel/air happens during the later parts
of the power stroke
The process at which the exhaust burnt gas is pushed out by the fresh air-
fuel mixture is called SCAVENGING.
This cyclic process is repeated once again for the next cycle.
BASIC COMPONENTS OF TWO-
STROKE ENGINE

* Compression and
Power Stroke. For a
two stroke engine.
 WORKING PRINCIPLE OF TWO-STROKE ENGINE

1. Suction and Compression stroke

• During the suction and compression stroke, the piston starts reciprocating from the BDC to
the TDC.
• At the same time, it will close all ports such as the inlet port, transfer port, and exhaust port.
Then the fuel filled above the piston is adiabatically compressed.
• At the same, while the spark plug produces the spark, and the fuel gets ignited and the
power stroke will follow after it.
• The power from the crankshaft is transferred by means of a connecting rod. During this
stroke, the piston reciprocates downward as it uncovers the inlet port.
• Due to the production of partial pressure in the crankcase, the inlet port opens and the air-
fuel mixture enters the crankcase.
 WORKING PRINCIPLE OF TWO-STROKE ENGINE

2. Second stroke or Power and Exhaust stroke

• During the second stroke, the piston reciprocates down from TDC and at that time the
inlet port is kept closed.
• Due to the downward motion of the piston air-fuel mixture is pushed by the bottom end
of the piston so that the fuel from the crankcase passes out through the transfer port.
• Since the exhaust port opens, the output exhaust gas leaves the cylinder through the
exhaust port but after this stroke also there are some exhaust gas remains inside the
cylinder.
• The unique shape of the two-stroke piston head deflects the fresh charge inside the
cylinder.
• So, the air-fuel mixture moves downward and pushes the exhaust gas out by means of
the exhaust port.
 THE LABELED
COMPONENTS OF TWO
STROKE ENGINE
 CRANKSHAFT

•A crankshaft is a key component of an engine

transmitting cylinder power to the propeller shaft.
Basically what it does is to convert the oscillating
motion of connecting rod / reciprocating motion of
the piston to rotatory motion of the shaft.
 FRAME BOX

Frame box also known as “A frame” is a

separately fabricated structure mounted on top
of the bedplate. They carry crosshead guides
while supporting the cylinder block. And are
secured to the bedplate using bolts.
They support the cylinder block or popularly
called as Entablature from bed plate.
 CONNECTING ROD

•A connecting rod, also called a con rod, is the part of a piston engine which connects the piston to
the crankshaft. Together with the crank, the connecting rod converts the reciprocating motion of
the piston into the rotation of the crankshaft.
 BEDPLATE

it works as a foundation block for the two

stroke marine diesel engine. They are right at
the same time strong and flexible to support
weight and handle fluctuating forces produced
by the engine.
 PISTON

•The function of a piston in marine diesel engine is to convert the force of

expanding gases during combustion process to mechanical energy. While
during the compression stroke it compresses the gas in between the crown
and cylinder head with the energy provided by flywheel. A piston can be
called as the heart of an engine as it transform all that energy under
fluctuating thermal and mechanical stress.
 PISTON RINGS

A piston ring provides sealing of combustion

chamber by expending outwards. By doing this they
prevent the combustion gases leak or escape from the
space in between cylinder head and piston crown. It
also provide proper heat transfer between the piston
and liner while facilitating lubrication control;
avoiding mixture of lube oil with the charge
A piston ring is a metallic split ring that is attached to
the outer diameter of a piston in an internal
combustion engine or steam engine. The main
functions of piston rings in engines are: Sealing the
combustion chamber so that there is minimal loss of
gases to the crank case
 CYLINDER HEAD

It’s main function is to form the top part of the

combustion space; while supporting all
necessary valves required for the operation
such as inlet, exhaust and fuel injector.
 LINER

•The function of a cylinder liner in marine diesel engine is to provide durable and heat resistant
combustion chamber. It also provide area for cooling, lubrication, scavenging and assist in sealing
the combustion chamber. This helps prevent compressed gas and combustion product to escape
from the engine around the walls of the cylinder.
 INLET AND EXHAUST
VALVES

The function of inlet valves in a four stroke

marine diesel engine is to inject a charge of
fresh air in the combustion space; while the
work of exhaust valves all marine engines is to
eject out all the byproduct of the combustion.
 INJECTION PUMP

An Injection Pump is the device that pumps

fuel into the cylinders of a diesel engine.
Traditionally, the injection pump was driven
indirectly from the crankshaft by gears,
chains or a toothed belt (often the timing belt)
that also drives the camshaft
 Click icon
2 STROKE ENGINE IS… to add picture
 • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OiX9oX
VIDEO OF TWO CYLINDER vxZWs
ENGINE • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OfDr1lE
e0Cg