Overview

• The Yadalam Group, one of India’s leading textile producers with a value-chain extending
from yarns to garments was established with a vision to grow through integrity, commitment
and excellence in quality.

• Late Sri Yadalam S Gopalakrishna Setty, the Founder & Visionary, began his illustrious
journey in 1930 to establish what is today amongst the most efficient textile companies.

• From humble beginnings, the company has progressed to a turnover of 400Cr and has set its
eyes on a target of 650Cr in the next couple of years.

• Located at Bangalore, the hub of South India and spread over 30 acres, the Group is a
pioneer in developing a large number of innovations to meet the ever changing requirements
of its customers.
Gopalakrishna Textile Mills Sri Krishna Spinning & Weaving Mills Fab Distributors
Sri Krishna Spinning & Weaving Mills

• Sri Krishna Spinning & Weaving Mills, the flagship company of our Group, has been
pioneering innovation and is among the leading, state-of-the-art, fully integrated textile
process houses in the country.

• Company’s present Production capacity is 24 million meters of fabric per annum.

• The company is aiming at a Production capacity of 36 million meters of fabric per annum
and is planning to put up a state of art garment dyeing facility.

• There esteemed clients include a host of European and American companies. They are also
catering to the leading Indian brands and the Domestic market.
Working of Company
Weaving

• Weaving is the process of making fabric with two components, a warp, and a weft, that cross each
other, normally at right angles, usually accomplished with a hand- or power-operated loom.
• In weaving, lengthwise yarns are called warp.
• crosswise yarns are called weft, or filling.
• Most woven fabrics are made with their outer edges finished in a manner that avoids ravelling;
these are called selvages. They run lengthwise, parallel to the warp yarns.
• The three basic weaves .i.e., plain, twill, and satin.
• Fancy weaves—such as pile, Jacquard, dobby, and leno—require more complicated looms or
special loom attachments for their construction.
Two Kinds of software's are used in planning and design phase

• A spreadsheet helps in calculating the amount of yarn needed.

• Weaving software helps in program the design of the cloth into the computer. Later, this same
software will send the finished design to another computer attached to the loom.
 Screenshots

Spreadsheet for yarn calculation Weaving design software

• WARPING: This process involves transfer of from different cones to a section
beam to form a sheet.

• SIZING: This process reduces yarn hairiness, to protect the yarn from various
yarn to yarn and yarn to loom abrasion and to increase the strength of the yarn.

• DRAWING-IN: inserting yarns from the warp into weaving machine .i.e., Drop
wires Heddle Reed

• TYPING-IN: it is the process of adding new warp ends to the depleting warp.
Preparing warp yarns for weaving.

• In preparation for weaving, each warp end (yarn) must be threaded through its
own drop wire, heddle eye, and reed dent.
• The Drop wire is a device that will stop the loom if an end should break,
• The heddle eye is the opening in a heddle that carries the yarn, and
• The reed comb-like device that will push each filling yarn close against the
completed fabric.
• Placing the warp yarns on the loom is done either by drawing-in or by tying-in.
Heddle wires are held in frames called harnesses. The number of harnesses
required for the loom is determined by the weave.
Preparing of weft yarns for weaving

• Yarn that is to be used for filling must be packaged in some form that allows it to
be unwound easily for transport through the shed is called a shuttle and is made up
of a wooden carrier into which a quill or pirn is placed.
Mechanism of weaving loom

There are five basic mechanism of the loom

• PRIMARY MOTION:
1. Shedding Motion: raising and lowering of warp yarns by means of the harness
to form shed, opening between warp yarns through which weft yarn passes
2. Picking Motion: inserting of weft yarn by the shuttle through the shed
3. Beating up Motion: after the weft is inserted through the shed, it should be
pushed up to the fabric fell which is performed by the reed named as beating up
motion.
• SECONDARY MOTION
4. Letting off: releasing yarn from a warp beam

5. Taking up: winding newly formed cloth onto the cloth beam
 Shedding Occurs here:
It is lifting of some of the warp yarns.
So, it is divided into 2 sheets.
This creates and opening(a shed) between them for
the weft yarn to pass through

Picking:
The weft yarn passes from one side to the other side
Through the shed.

Beating Up:
Inserted Weft/filling is beaten up into the fabric
when the new yarn is pushed into the fabric by the reed

Taking Up: Letting Off:

Winding newly formed cloth into the cloth beam Releasing of yarn from the warp beam
Finishing
• Finishing is the process done after production in the textiles .i.e. yarns, fabrics, garments to make it
1. Attractive
2. Presentable
3. Impart certain desirable properties
4. Broadening the area of textile application and use.
• It is most often that the yarns are exempted from the finishing process as they can be later finished in
fabric or garment form.
• A desirable finished can easily increase the value of textile goods rather than their raw form.
Singeing

Singeing is a process, where loose hairy fibers are protruded from the surface of the cloth, fabric, and the
yarn is removed by burning.
Lose fibers protruding on the surface of textile products are chanted to remove them in the textile industry.

Objectives of Singeing
1.To remove the short fibers from the textile materials (yarn and fabric).
2.To make the textile materials smooth, even and clean looking.
3. To develop maximum luster in the textile materials.
4. To make the textile materials suitable for subsequent next process.
Desizing

Desizing is done in order to removes the size from warp yarn of the woven fabric. Warp yarn are coated with
sizing agents period to weaving in order to reduce their fractional properties, decrease yarn breakage in loom
and improve weaving productivity by increasing weft insertion speed.

Objectives of Desizing

1. The object is to remove from the grey fabric the size that has been applied during weaving and
thus to make the fabric ready for further processes.
2. The main ingredient in size that is not water-soluble is usually starch.
Scouring

Scouring is the process by which all natural and additive impurities such as oil, wax, fat, hand dust etc. are
removed to produce hydrophilic and clean textile material. It is one of the vital processes of wet processing.

Objectives of Scouring

1. To make the fabric highly hydrophilic.

2. To remove impurities such as oils, waxes, gum, husks as nearly as possible.
3. To increase absorbency of fabric or textile materials without physical and chemical damage.
4. To produce a clean material by adding alkali.
5. To make the fabric ready for next process.
6. To remove non-cellulosic substance in case of cotton.
Scouring

Scouring is the process by which all natural and additive impurities such as oil, wax, fat, hand dust etc. are
removed to produce hydrophilic and clean textile material. It is one of the vital processes of wet processing.

Objectives of Scouring

1. To make the fabric highly hydrophilic.

2. To remove impurities such as oils, waxes, gum, husks as nearly as possible.
3. To increase absorbency of fabric or textile materials without physical and chemical damage.
4. To produce a clean material by adding alkali.
5. To make the fabric ready for next process.
6. To remove non-cellulosic substance in case of cotton.
Bleaching
Natural fiber and fabrics even after scouring still contain naturally occurring coloring matter. Natural fibers
are off-white in color due to color bodies present in the fiber .This yellowish and brown coloration may be
related to of the cotton flower. The climate, soil, drought and frost can also cause various degrees of
yellowness.
Objectives of Bleaching

1. To produce white fabrics by destroying the coloring matter with the help of bleaching
agents with minimum degradation of the fiber.
2. The bleaching agents either the coloring matter which is washed out and whiteness thus
obtained is of permanent nature.
3. Chemical bleaching of textile fibers is further aided by addition of optical
brighteners.
Mercerization

Mercerization is a finishing treatment of cotton with a strong caustic alkaline solution in order to improve
the luster, hard and other properties, was names after its discoverer, John Mercer, and has been in use for
sometime. It has been seeing an increase in application recently..

Objective of Merceirization

Fibre swelling and simultaneously there is a longitudinal shrinkage, modifying the morphological
structure of the fibre and achieving a shinier surface, resistant to wear and washing.
Finishing
• Heat-setting
To heat-set a fabric, it is subjected to selected temperatures (above the glass transition temperature and close
to the maximum use temperature) for a specified length of time. Fabrics may be heat-set into a flat surface or
they may be heat-set into a predetermined shape such as nylon hosiery. Heat-setting causes molecular
rearrangement and relieves internal stresses. It makes the fabric dimensionally stable.
 
• Mechanical finishes
By passing the fabric between heated rotating rollers, the surface of the fabrics is rendered smooth, flattening
slubs, increasing the fabric luster, improving the fabric handle by making it softer. There are many finishing
operations that have not been covered. These are included in the books cited in the References and Suggested
Further Reading sections.
Finishing
• Flame retardant finishes for cotton
A phosphorous containing material is reacted with urea.
The reaction product is padded on to cotton fabric and dried. The fabric is then reacted with ammonia and
finally oxidized with hydrogen peroxide.
This renders the fabric flame retardant.
Thankyou..