Types of Research According to

Purpose
 1. Basic or Pure Research
• In this type, the research or study is
conducted to develop theories and principles,
for intellectual pursuit of knowledge and
acquire learning.
• The inquiry is done for knowledge’s sake.
• An individual’s passion and desire to discover
the unknown is essential in the discovery and
acquisition of knowledge.
 2. Applied Research
• In this type, the results of basic research are
used and/or utilized to address situations and
or solve problems.
• It happens when the theories and principles
obtained from pure research are put to a test.
Three Central Components of
Scientific or Critical Thinking
According to Schafersman
1. The Use of Empirical Evidence (Empiricism)

• Empirical Evidence is evidence that can be

discerned by and or susceptible to the senses.
• It is something that can be experienced by
others aside from the researcher.
• It is repeatable that it can be verified by others.
• It is the only type of evidence that is utilized by
scientists and researchers to formulate
conclusions and make decisions.
 2. The Practice of Logical Reasoning
(Rationalism)
• Logic is the art of reasoning correctly.
• Logical reasoning is a skill and or discipline that
is best learned in a formal educational
environment where people are encouraged to
reason out freely.
• A scientific researcher must remember that
emotions are not exactly evidence, feelings are
not facts and subjective beliefs are not
substantive enough.
 3. The Possession of a Skeptical Attitude
(Skepticism)
• Skepticism is the constant evaluation of one’s
beliefs and conclusions.
• Good scientists and researchers constantly
examine the evidence, arguments and reasons
for their beliefs.
• A skeptical scientist hold beliefs tentatively
and is open to evidence and rational
arguments about those fields.