CORONA

VIRUS 19
GROUP 1
 Made by Group 1

A BRIEF HISTORY OF COVID19

• COVID-19 was first recognized toward the end of last year as a group of
pneumonia cases brought about by another coronavirus. Specialists have
since discovered that it's a respiratory illness, one that particularly ventures
into your respiratory lot, which incorporates your lungs. COVID-19 can
cause a scope of breathing issues, from mellow to basic. More established
grownups and individuals who have other wellbeing conditions like coronary
illness, malignant growth, and diabetes may have progressively genuine side
effects.
 Made by Group 1

IMPORTANT FACTS ABOUT

CORONAVIRUS
1. Anosmia (loss of smell) is a symptom.
2. SARS-CoV-2 binds tightly to human cells.
3. Coronavirus can make babies seriously ill.
4. The COVID-19 virus can live on surfaces for days.
5. People who don’t have symptoms can spread the virus.
6. People with type A blood may be more susceptible to infection.
7. Some people with COVID-19 have digestive symptoms.
8. Reinfection may be possible.
 Made by Group 1

SYMPTOMS
How Does COVID-19 Affect the Lungs?
• Coronavirus can affect the upper respiratory system (nose, sinuses and throat) with flu-like
symptoms, the lower respiratory system (airways and lungs) by causing cough with or
without mucous and difficulty breathing. When COVID-19 is severe it can bring on
pneumonia or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

Upper Respiratory Infection

• Common symptoms of respiratory infections in the nose, sinuses and throat include nasal
congestion, runny nose, sore throat, sneezing, achy muscles and headache. Coronavirus
upper respiratory infection symptoms also may include cough, diarrhea, fever, shortness of
breath, loss of smell and /or taste and tiredness.
 Made by Group 1

SYMPTOMS
Lower Respiratory Infection
• Common symptoms of COVID-19 respiratory infections in the airways and lungs may include
severe cough that produces mucous, shortness of breath, chest tightness and wheezing when you
exhale.
When Coronavirus is Severe
• If COVID-19 goes deep into the lungs, it can cause pneumonia. Pneumonia is a concern for older
people because they have reduced lung capacity, require longer recover time and have age-
weakened immune systems.

Pneumonia that is caused by coronavirus may be more severe, affect many parts of the lungs, and
cause shock, organ damage, abnormal blood clotting, acute respiratory distress syndrome and
deteriorating health.
 Made by Group 1

SYMPTOMS
How Pneumonia Affects the Lungs
• When healthy lungs inhale, the lungs and their 480 million tiny air sacs (alveoli) fill
with oxygen. These little air sacs get rid of carbon dioxide when you exhale and pass
oxygen into the blood vessels.

• Pneumonia causes the air sacs to become infected and inflamed. This causes fluid
and inflammatory cells to build up in the lungs and prevents oxygen from getting
through, causing severe breathing difficulties and lack of oxygen in the blood.

• Severe cases of COVID-19-related pneumonia are treated in the hospital.

 Made by Group 1

SYMPTOMS
• Risk Factors for Developing • Symptoms of Severe Pneumonia Caused by Coronavirus
Pneumonia from COVID-19 • Fever
• Fatigue
• Diabetes • Cough (with and without mucous)
• Hypertension • Loss of appetite
• Muscle aches
• Chronic heart • Significant shortness of breath
• Chronic lung disease • Chest pain (especially under the breastbone)
• Rapid breathing
• Immune suppressed conditions • Sweats
• Being elderly (increasing age) • Headache
• Weakness
• Obesity
•
 Made by Group 1

POSSIBLE CURE
• OVAX, the vaccines pillar of ACT Accelerator, convened by CEPI, Gavi and WHO, aims to end the acute phase of the
COVID-19 pandemic by:

• speeding up the development of safe and effective vaccines against COVID-19;

• supporting the building of manufacturing capabilities; and
• working with governments and manufacturers to ensure fair and equitable allocation of the vaccines for all countries – the
only global initiative to do so.
• Vaccines are a critical new tool in the battle against COVID-19 and it is hugely encouraging to see so many vaccines
proving successful and going into development. Working as quickly as they can, scientists from across the world are
collaborating and innovating to bring us tests, treatments and vaccines that will collectively save lives and end this
pandemic.

• Safe and effective vaccines will be a gamechanger: but for the foreseeable future we must continue wearing masks,
physically distancing and avoiding crowds. Being vaccinated does not mean that we can throw caution to the wind and
put ourselves and others at risk, particularly because it is still not clear the degree to which the vaccines can protect not
only against disease but also against infection and transmission.
 Made by Group 1

VARIANTS OF COVID19
B.1.1.7 lineage (501Y.V1 or VOC 202012/01 or UK variant)

The B.1.1.7 lineage emerged in the UK in late 2020 and has since spread to multiple other countries. It has a large
number of mutations throughout the genome, including a 69-70del mutation in the S gene, which is of interest to
clinical testing labs as it may have an impact on the pattern of detection when using some molecular diagnostic PCR
tests. While B.1.1.7 shows increased transmissibility, preliminary evidence suggested there was no indication it was
associated with increased disease severity [5,6]. However, more recent studies do indicate that there is a realistic
possibility of increased risk of death in patients infected with B.1.1.7

B.1.351 lineage (501Y.V2 or South African variant)

South Africa reported a new variant, 501Y.V2 (B.1.351 lineage), named for the N501Y mutation in the receptor
binding domain (RBD), in late 2020. The N501Y mutation is shared with the B.1.1.7 (UK) lineage, but the two
variants are phylogenetically different and emerged independently [4]. While B.1.351 is linked to higher viral load
and increased transmission, there is currently no evidence that B.1.351 is associated with increased severity of disease
 Made by Group 1

VARIANTS OF COVID19
P.1 lineage (501Y.V3 or Brazilian variant)

The first report of P.1 came from Japan in January 2021 when the variant was detected in travelers
from Brazil. The variant was first detected in Manaus, Brazil, the capital city of the Amazonas state,
where sequencing results from December 2020 identified P.1 in 42% of samples tested. A recent study
indicates P.1 is associated with increased transmissibility and potential for re-infection.

B.1.427 and B.1.429 lineages (California or West Coast variants)

Recent studies indicate that B.1.427 and B.1.429 likely emerged in late spring or early summer of
2020. The two variants carry similar, though slightly different, genetic mutations. Early studies
indicated that one mutation, L452R, may be linked to increased infectivity, and new research suggests
that B.1.429 and B.1.427 may be more transmissible.
Made by Group 1
TH AT ’ S A L L
TH A NK Y O U